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Over the last decade, trans rights and gender variation as legal and a human rights issues have been high on the international and national agendas. Improved registration of and attention for gender variation and gender incongruence is accompanied by attention for the often far-reaching requirements that trans persons have to comply with in order to obtain legal recognition of their actual gender identity. A small but rapidly growing number of (mostly European and South American) States have recently reformed their legal frameworks of gender recognition by allowing trans persons to change their official sex registration on the basis of gender self-determination. Against that background, this book brings together international experts to discuss questions and challenges relating to the legal articulation of the emerging right to gender self-determination and its consequences for law and society, such as the future of sex/gender registration and the protection of trans persons against discrimination. Given the importance of State practice for the development of the right to gender self-determination and its implementation in law, particular attention is given to the national contexts of Belgium, Germany and Norway. These three countries may be perceived as world leaders in protecting trans rights, and therefore noteworthy 'laboratories' for future State practice. EVA BREMS is a senior full professor at Ghent University. She joined the Ghent University Law Faculty in September 2000 as the first holder of the then newly-created Chair of Human Rights Law. She is the founder and director of the Human Rights Centre at Ghent University. PIETER CANNOOT is a postdoctoral researcher at ConstitUGent and the Human Rights Centre of Ghent University. Since September 2020, he is a visiting professor of genders, sexualities and law at the University of Antwerp. TOON MOONEN is an assistant professor of constitutional law at Ghent University, where he founded ConstitUGent - the Centre for Research and Education on Constitutional Law. Prior to this, he was a visiting professor at Hasselt University, fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders, and law clerk in the Constitutional Court of South Africa. He also practices at the Brussels bar, appearing regularly in the Belgian Constitutional Court.

BPB9999 --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Human rights --- Germany --- Norway --- Belgium --- Transgender people --- Transgenres --- Comparative law --- Droit comparé --- Gender transition --- Transition de genre --- Sex discrimination --- Discrimination sexuelle --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Droit --- Law and legislation. --- Law and legislation --- Transgenres. --- Droits de l'homme. --- Transidentité. --- BPB2011 --- sexual minority --- rights of minorities --- práva menšin --- droits des minorités --- mindretalsrettigheder --- права на малцинствата --- diritti delle minoranze --- drittijiet tal-minoranzi --- direitos das minorias --- kisebbségek jogai --- derechos de las minorías --- prawa mniejszości --- prava manjina --- vähemuste õigused --- Minderheitenrecht --- minoriteters rättigheter --- δικαιώματα των μειονοτήτων --- vähemmistön oikeudet --- права на малцинства --- pravice manjšin --- të drejtat e pakicave --- rechten van minderheden --- drepturile minorităților --- mažumų teisės --- minoritāšu tiesības --- práva menšín --- права мањина --- práva etnických menšin --- kisebbségi jogok --- малцински права --- права на припадниците на верските заедници --- права на сексуалните малцинства --- права на етничките малцинства --- manjinska prava --- práva národnostních menšin --- права на припадниците на јазичните заедници --- права на немнозинските заедници --- mazākumtautību tiesības --- menšinová práva --- minoría sexual --- nemi kisebbség --- sexuell minoritet --- minoranza sessuale --- minorité sexuelle --- σεξουαλικές μειονότητες --- minoria sexual --- minoranza sesswali --- minoritate sexuală --- sexuelle Minderheit --- pakicë seksuale --- seksuaalinen vähemmistö --- mniejszość seksualna --- seksuelt mindretal --- spolna manjšina --- seksuele minderheid --- spolna manjina --- мањина по сексуалном опредељењу --- seksuālā minoritāte --- sexuální menšina --- sexuálna menšina --- сексуално малцинство --- seksuaalvähemus --- seksualinė mažuma --- homoseksualas --- lezbijka --- homofil --- lesbietė --- transsexuál --- transzszexuális --- transexual --- homoseksuaal --- bisexuál --- homosexuelle Person --- homoseksuaali --- homoseksueel --- lesbi --- homoszexuális --- ομοφυλόφιλοι --- transseksuel --- transseksual --- omosessuale --- homosexuel --- transseksualas --- transsexuelle Person --- Lesbierin --- homosexual --- transsexuell --- transzvesztita --- трансексуалци --- transseksuaal --- Lesbe --- leszbikus --- Lesbin --- хомосексуалци --- lesbian --- homosexuali --- lesbička --- διαφυλικότητα --- transessuale --- transseksualac --- homosexuell --- transseksuaali --- transsexuel --- lezbiete --- lesbike --- transseksuāla persona --- homoseksuel --- homoseksual --- homoseksuāla persona --- homosexuál --- homossexual --- бисексуалци --- transseksueel --- Schwuler --- sexismo --- διαφυλικά άτομα --- homoseksualac --- transsexual --- Intersexués --- Identité sexuelle --- cearta mionlach --- mionlach gnéis --- 658.2 LGBTQI+ --- Allemagne --- Belgique --- Norvège --- Gender identity --- Sex and law --- Persons

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After decades of steady progress in terms of gender and sexual rights, several parts of Europe are facing new waves of resistance to a so-called 'gender ideology' or 'gender theory'. Opposition to progressive gender equality is manifested in challenges to marriage equality, abortion, reproductive technologies, gender mainstreaming, sex education, sexual liberalism, transgender rights, antidiscrimination policies and even to the notion of gender itself. This book examines how an academic concept of gender, when translated by religious organizations such as the Roman Catholic Church, can become a mobilizing tool for, and the target of, social movements. How can we explain religious discourses about sex difference turning intro massive street demonstrations? How do forms of organization and protest travel across borders? Who are the actors behind these movements? This collection is a transnational and comparative attempt to better understand anti-gender mobilizations in Europe. It focuses on national manifestations in eleven European countries, including Russia, from massive street protests to forms of resistance such as email bombarding and street vigils. It examines the intersection of religious politics with rising populism and nationalistic anxieties in contemporary Europe.

Sex discrimination --- Homophobia --- Transphobia --- Gegenbewegung (Soziologie). --- Gleichberechtigung. --- Frauenbewegung. --- Europa. --- Community organization --- Sociology of religion --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- International movements --- BPB9999 --- Anti-transgender bias --- Cissexism --- Discrimination against transgender people --- Transgender discrimination --- Transprejudice --- Discrimination --- Phobias --- Anti-gay bias --- Anti-GLBT bias --- Anti-homosexual bias --- Anti-LGBT bias --- Antigay bias --- Discrimination against gays --- Fear of gays --- Fear of homosexuality --- GLBT bias --- Homonegativity --- Homophobic attitudes --- Homoprejudice --- Lesbophobia --- LGBT bias --- Sexual orientation discrimination --- Heterosexism --- Discrimination, Sexual --- Gender discrimination --- Sexual discrimination --- Sexism --- Gender mainstreaming --- BPB1812 --- Discrimination sexuelle --- Minorité sexuelle --- Union européenne --- Égalité homme-femme --- Seksuele discriminatie --- Seksuele minderheid --- Europese unie --- Gelijke behandeling van man en vrouw --- Sociologie van het gezin. Sociologie van de seksualiteit --- Sociologie van de samenlevingsopbouw --- Europa --- Europe --- Homophobie. --- sukupuolten tasa-arvo --- równouprawnienie płci --- ugwaljanza bejn is-sessi --- rodová rovnosť --- enakost spolov --- jämställdhet --- Gleichheit von Mann und Frau --- родова еднаквост --- lyčių lygybė --- nemek közötti egyenlőség --- igualdad de género --- dzimumu līdztiesība --- родна равноправност --- sooline võrdsus --- egalitate de gen --- равенство между половете --- comhionannas inscne --- barazi gjinore --- ligestilling mellem kønnene --- ravnopravnost spolova --- igualdade de género --- rovnost žen a mužů --- gelijke behandeling van man en vrouw --- uguaglianza di genere --- gender equality --- ισότητα των φύλων --- inegalitatea de gen --- desigualdade de género --- índice de desigualdad de género --- indeks rodne nejednakosti --- vienlīdzīgas iespējas vīriešiem un sievietēm --- igualdad entre mujeres y hombres --- Index zum Geschlechtergefälle --- неравенство между половете --- sukupuolten välistä epätasa-arvoa mittaava indeksi --- индекс за равенството между половете --- neravnopravnost spolova --- indeks neenakosti med spoloma --- еднаквост меѓу мажите и жените --- GEI --- inégalité entre les hommes et les femmes --- desigualdade homem-mulher --- nők és férfiak közötti egyenlőség --- genderová nerovnost --- lygios vyrų ir moterų teisės --- inugwaljanza bejn is-sessi --- drepturi egale între bărbați și femei --- genderongelijkheid --- gender inequality --- rovnosť žien a mužov --- Index zur Gleichstellung der Geschlechter --- równość płci --- comhionannas idir fir agus mná --- enakost med spoloma --- sugupoolte võrdõiguslikkus --- nemek közötti egyenlőtlenségek --- barazia midis grave dhe burrave --- ulighed mellem kønnene --- једнакост међу половима --- kønsligestillingsindeks --- gender equity --- wskaźnik nierówności płci --- Gleichstellung der Geschlechter --- IEG --- indicele egalității de gen --- miesten ja naisten välinen tasa-arvo --- indicele inegalității de gen --- igualdad hombre-mujer --- Geschlechtspezifische Ungleichheiten --- gendergelijkheidsindex --- правна еднаквост меѓу мажите и жените --- dzimumu nelīdztiesība --- neamh-chomhionannas inscne --- jämställdhet mellan kvinnor och män --- jämställdhetsindex --- desigualdad por razón de género --- dealú idir na hinscní --- égalité entre les femmes et les hommes --- vīriešu un sieviešu vienlīdzība --- inégalité entre les sexes --- equal rights of men and women --- indice di disuguaglianza di genere --- sukupuolten epätasa-arvo --- igualdade homem-mulher --- égalité des sexes --- meeste ja naiste võrdõiguslikkus --- indiċi tal-ugwaljanza bejn is-sessi --- stejná práva mužů a žen --- rovnosť medzi ženami a mužmi --- egalitate între femei și bărbați --- a férfiak és nők közötti egyenlőtlenség --- indice sull'uguaglianza di genere --- IIG --- gelijkheid van vrouwen en mannen --- неравнопоставеност между половете --- rovnoprávnost mužů a žen --- jednakopravnost spolova --- nemi esélyegyenlőségi index --- ugwaljanza bejn in-nisa u l-irġiel --- jämställdhet mellan könen --- dzimumu vienlīdzība --- nemek közötti egyenlőtlenség --- inégalité hommes-femmes --- gender equality index --- sooline ebavõrdsus --- ανισότητα των φύλων --- nemi egyenlőtlenségi index --- desigualdade entre géneros --- vīriešu un sieviešu līdztiesība --- ИНП --- nemek közti egyenlőtlenségi mutató --- innéacs comhionannais inscne --- rodový rozdiel --- ανισότητα μεταξύ των φύλων --- inégalité entre les genres --- índice de igualdad de género --- nerovnosť žien a mužov --- gendergelijkheid --- sukupuolten tasa-arvoindeksi --- disuguaglianza di genere --- soolise võrdõiguslikkuse indeks --- índice de desigualdade de género --- naiste ja meeste võrdõiguslikkus --- igualdade entre os sexos --- gender inequality index --- parità uomo-donna --- egalitate între sexe --- ισότητα μεταξύ γυναικών και ανδρών --- wskaźnik równouprawnienia płci --- index rodovej nerovnosti --- ligestilling mellem kvinder og mænd --- równość kobiet i mężczyzn --- disparità di genere --- gelijke behandeling van vrouwen en mannen --- indiċi tal-inugwaljanza bejn is-sessi --- kønsskævhed --- gender disparity --- dzimumu nelīdztiesības indekss --- index genderové rovnosti --- eguaglianza uomo-donna --- GII --- δείκτης ισότητας των φύλων --- lyčių nelygybės indeksas --- nerovné postavení žen a mužů --- IDG --- jednakost spolova --- desigualdade entre os sexos --- enakost moških in žensk --- indice d'inégalité de genre --- índice de igualdade de género --- genderongelijkheidsindex --- равенство между мъж и жена --- indeks for ulighed mellem kønnene --- an bhearna idir na hinscní --- igualdad entre los sexos --- naisten ja miesten tasa-arvo --- еднакви права меѓу мажите и жените --- të drejta të barabarta të burrave dhe grave --- razlike med spoloma --- rovnaké práva mužov a žien --- rovná práva mužů a žen --- equality between men and women --- desigualdad de género --- dzimumu līdztiesības indekss --- bristande jämställdhet --- nemi megkülönböztetés tilalma --- nemek közötti egyenlőségi index --- vyrų ir moterų lygybė --- indeks ravnopravnosti spolova --- rovnost mezi muži a ženami --- soolise ebavõrdsuse indeks --- ισότητα ευκαιριών για γυναίκες και άνδρες --- parità tra uomini e donne --- nerovnost žen a mužů --- ravnopravnost muškaraca i žena --- индекс за неравенството между половете --- lyčių lygybės indeksas --- index rodovej rovnosti --- rodna neravnopravnost --- indice d'égalité de genre --- divario di genere --- sukupuolten välisen epätasa-arvon indeksi --- rodová nerovnosť --- indeks enakosti spolov --- index genderové nerovnosti --- δείκτης ανισότητας των φύλων --- ligestilling mellem de to køn --- równość mężczyzn i kobiet --- ongelijke behandeling van vrouwen en mannen --- nemi egyenlőségi mutató --- неравнопоставеност на жените и мъжете --- sukupuolten välistä tasa-arvoa mittaava indeksi --- lyčių nelygybė --- nerovnosť medzi ženami a mužmi --- GII-indeksi --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- European Union --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- minoría sexual --- nemi kisebbség --- sexuell minoritet --- minoranza sessuale --- σεξουαλικές μειονότητες --- sexual minority --- minoria sexual --- minoranza sesswali --- minoritate sexuală --- sexuelle Minderheit --- pakicë seksuale --- seksuaalinen vähemmistö --- mniejszość seksualna --- seksuelt mindretal --- spolna manjšina --- seksuele minderheid --- spolna manjina --- мањина по сексуалном опредељењу --- seksuālā minoritāte --- sexuální menšina --- sexuálna menšina --- сексуално малцинство --- seksuaalvähemus --- seksualinė mažuma --- homoseksualas --- lezbijka --- homofil --- lesbietė --- transsexuál --- transzszexuális --- transexual --- homoseksuaal --- bisexuál --- homosexuelle Person --- homoseksuaali --- homoseksueel --- lesbi --- homoszexuális --- ομοφυλόφιλοι --- transseksuel --- transseksual --- omosessuale --- homosexuel --- transseksualas --- transsexuelle Person --- Lesbierin --- homosexual --- transsexuell --- transzvesztita --- трансексуалци --- transseksuaal --- Lesbe --- leszbikus --- Lesbin --- хомосексуалци --- lesbian --- homosexuali --- lesbička --- διαφυλικότητα --- transessuale --- transseksualac --- homosexuell --- transseksuaali --- transsexuel --- lezbiete --- lesbike --- transseksuāla persona --- homoseksuel --- homoseksual --- homoseksuāla persona --- homosexuál --- homossexual --- бисексуалци --- transseksueel --- Schwuler --- sexismo --- διαφυλικά άτομα --- homoseksualac --- transsexual --- discriminatie op grond van geslacht --- sexuell diskriminering --- discriminazione sessuale --- spolna diskriminacija --- discriminare sexuală --- дискриминация по пол --- idirdhealú bunaithe ar ghnéas --- discriminação sexual --- sexual discrimination --- diskriminim seksual --- discriminación sexual --- διακρίσεις λόγω φύλου --- полна дискриминација --- sukupuolisyrjintä --- sexuelle Diskriminierung --- sexuálna diskriminácia --- diskriminazzjoni sesswali --- diskriminacija dėl lyties --- sooline diskrimineerimine --- diskriminace na základě pohlaví --- nemi megkülönböztetés --- seksuel diskrimination --- dyskryminacja ze względu na płeć --- diskriminācija dzimuma dēļ --- полова дискриминација --- seksisme --- diskriminim gjinor --- seksizmas --- gender discrimination --- полова нееднаквост --- sexuální diskriminace --- seksizam --- diskriminace žen --- nők elleni diszkrimináció --- diskriminim i grave --- Sexismus --- diskriminácia podľa pohlavia --- seksismi --- seksism --- dzimumu līdztiesības jautājumi --- sieviešu diskriminācija --- seksuālā diskriminācija --- sexism --- дискриминација на жени --- seksuele discriminatie --- seksizëm --- lyčių diskriminacija --- дискриминација врз основа на пол --- diskriminace mužů --- pohlavní diskriminace --- сексизам --- diskriminacija nad ženama --- discriminarea femeilor --- seksualna diskriminacija --- nők hátrányos megkülönböztetése --- dzimumdiskriminācija --- шовинизам --- diskriminazzjoni bbażata fuq is-sess --- seksualinė diskriminacija --- sessismo --- moterų diskriminacija --- lytinė diskriminacija --- discrimination against women --- kønsdiskrimination --- полова сегрегација --- sexisme --- mionlach gnéis --- Sex discrimination - Europe --- Homophobia - Europe --- Transphobia - Europe --- Égalité homme-femme --- Minorité sexuelle --- Union européenne --- Gender --- Homosexuality --- Religion --- Attitudes --- Book --- Gender equality --- Activism