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The majority of our evidence for language change in pre-modern times comes from the written output of scribes. The present volume deals with a variety of aspects of language change and focuses on the role of scribes. The individual articles, which treat different theoretical and empirical issues, reflect a broad cross-linguistic and cross-cultural diversity. The languages that are represented cover a broad spectrum, and the empirical data come from a wide range of sources. This book provides a wealth of new data and new perspectives on old problems, and it raises new questions about the actual

Linguistic change --- Scribes --- Historical linguistics --- Documentation and information --- Copyists --- Language and languages --- Historical Linguistics. --- Language Variation and Change. --- Registers. --- Scribes. --- Sociolinguistics.

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Daniel Wakelin introduces and reinterprets the misunderstood and overlooked craft practices, cultural conventions and literary attitudes involved in making some of the most important manuscripts in late medieval English literature. In doing so he overturns how we view the role of scribes, showing how they ignored or concealed irregular and damaged parchment; ruled pages from habit and convention more than necessity; decorated the division of the text into pages or worried that it would harm reading; abandoned annotations to poetry, focusing on the poem itself; and copied English poems meticulously, in reverence for an abstract idea of the text. Scribes' interest in immaterial ideas and texts suggests their subtle thinking as craftspeople, in ways that contrast and extend current interpretations of late medieval literary culture, 'material texts' and the power of materials. For students, researchers and librarians, this book offers revelatory perspectives on the activities of late medieval scribes.

Translation science --- English literature --- England --- Manuscripts, Medieval --- Manuscript design --- Scribes --- Transmission of texts. --- History --- Manuscripts. --- Criticism, Textual.

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Book history --- Manuscripts. Epigraphy. Paleography --- Great Britain --- Scribes --- Scriptoria. --- Paleography. --- Manuscripts --- Books --- Writing --- Scriptoriums --- Paléographie --- Manuscrits --- Livres --- Ecriture --- History. --- History --- Histoire --- Scriptoria --- Paleography --- Reproduction --- Reproduction. --- 091 "04/14" --- 091 <41> --- 091:003.344 --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Middeleeuwen --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Latijnse schriften. Romaanse schriften --- 091:003.344 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Latijnse schriften. Romaanse schriften --- 091 <41> Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- 091 "04/14" Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Middeleeuwen --- Paléographie --- Copying rooms --- Writing rooms --- Rooms --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Monasteries --- Monastic libraries --- Copyists --- Handwriting --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Diplomatics --- Photography of manuscripts --- Copying --- Scribes - History --- Scribes - England --- Manuscripts - Reproduction --- Books - History

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Book history --- Manuscripts. Epigraphy. Paleography --- Writing --- Scribes --- Codicology. --- Paleography. --- Scriptoria. --- Diplomatics. --- Ecriture --- Codicologie --- Paléographie --- Scriptoriums --- Diplomatique --- History. --- Histoire --- Codicology --- Paleography --- Scriptoria --- Diplomatics --- History --- History of handwriting --- Manuscripts --- 091:003 --- 003.07 --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- Gebruiken en stijlen bij het schrijven --- 003.07 Gebruiken en stijlen bij het schrijven --- 091:003 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- Paléographie --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Copying rooms --- Writing rooms --- Rooms --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Monasteries --- Monastic libraries --- Copyists --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Documents --- Cartularies --- Historiography --- Archives --- Manuscriptology --- Bibliography --- Reproduction --- Sources --- Writing - Europe - History. --- Writing - Mediterranean Region - History. --- Scribes - History. --- Writing - Mediterranean Region - History --- Scribes - History --- Manuscrits --- Écriture --- Étude et enseignement --- Procédés de fabrication --- Manuels --- Méthodologie

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"Early medieval manuscripts were commonly annotated not only by glosses but also by annotation symbols. These graphic signs inserted in manuscript margins provided manuscript text with layers of additional meaning and functionality. From the most common signs marking biblical quotations and passages of interest to the sophisticated systems of signs used by some of the early medieval scholars, annotation symbols represent perhaps the most common form of marginalia encountered in early medieval books. Yet, their non-verbal character proved a serious obstacle to their understanding and appreciation. This book represents the first systematic study of annotation symbols used in the Latin West between c. 400 and c. 900. Combining paleographic evidence with the evidence of written sources such as late antique and early medieval lists of signs, this book identifies the most important communities of sign users and conventions in use in the early Middle Ages. It explores some of the notable differences between regions, periods, linguistic communities and classes of users and reconstructs a fascinating history of the practice of using signs, rather than words, to annotate text. Those who work with early medieval manuscripts will, furthermore, find this book to be a practical handbook of the most common annotation symbols attested in early medieval Western manuscripts or discussed in ancient and medieval sources."--

Book history --- annotations --- book history --- anno 500-1199 --- anno 400-499 --- 091.14:003.083 --- 091 "04/09" --- 091 "04/09" Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--5e/10e eeuw. Periode 0400-0999 ('vroege middeleeuwen') --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--5e/10e eeuw. Periode 0400-0999 ('vroege middeleeuwen') --- 091.14:003.083 Codices--Kortschrift --- Codices--Kortschrift --- Abbreviations, Latin. --- Anmerkung. --- Manuscripts, Latin (Medieval and modern). --- Marginalia. --- Paleography, Latin. --- Schreiben. --- Schriftlichkeit. --- Scribes --- Scribes. --- Signs and symbols --- Signs and symbols. --- Text. --- Transmission of texts --- Transmission of texts. --- Zeichen. --- History. --- History --- Priscianus, --- Handschrift --- Sankt Gallen --- Stiftsbibliothek Sankt Gallen --- Cod. 904. --- To 1500. --- Europe.