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Islam --- Internal politics --- Islam and state. --- Islam et Etat --- Histoire --- Islam and state --- 297 --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Islam. Mohammedanisme

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Egypt, 1925: the Muslim world is in turmoil over Mustapha Kamal Ataturk's proposal to abolish the caliphate in Turkey. The debate over Islam and politics re-ignites as traditional political systems dissolve under pressure from European powers and most Muslim countries lose their sovereignty. Into this debate enters Ali Abdel Razek, a religious cleric trained at Al-Azhar University, arguing in favour of secularism in his essay 'Islam and the Foundations of Political Power', translated here and published in paperback for the first time. Scholarly features include A substantial introduction that

Islam and state --- Islam and politics --- Islam et Etat --- Islam et politique --- Islam --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Political systems --- Islam and state. --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam)

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From furious reactions to the cartoons of Prophet Muhammad to the suppression of women, news from the Muslim world begs the question: is Islam incompatible with freedom? With an eye sympathetic to Western liberalism and Islamic theology, Mustafa Akyol traces the ideological and historical roots of political Islam.

Sociology of religion --- Islam --- TURKEY -- 329 --- Islam and state. --- Liberalism --- Liberty --- Secularism --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- Islam and state --- Ethics --- Irreligion --- Utilitarianism --- Atheism --- Postsecularism --- Secularization (Theology) --- Civil liberty --- Emancipation --- Freedom --- Liberation --- Personal liberty --- Democracy --- Natural law --- Political science --- Equality --- Libertarianism --- Social control --- Liberal egalitarianism --- Social sciences --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Freedom (Islam)

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Islam --- Internal politics --- Africa --- Islam and state --- Islam and politics --- Islam et Etat --- Islam et politique --- -Islam and politics --- -297 <6> --- Politics and Islam --- Political science --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Afrika --- Political aspects --- 297 <6>

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In this pioneering study of the Twelver Shi'i branch of Islam prevalent in Iraq and Iran, J. R. I. Cole traces the influence of Shi'i rule on the development of religious communalism and conflict in the North Indian State of Awadh (Oudh). He also examines the relationship of the Shi'i clergy to the state and the clerical reaction to British imperialism and capitalism. Based on research in rare manuscripts and in archives, the book reveals that the Shi'i clergy advocated policies that caused resentment among Sunnis and Hindus, thereby promoting religious communalism and setting the stage for modern communal conflict. The Shi'i learned men took government posts in support of Awadh's Shi'i nawabs and shahs Awadh state support, in turn, helped transform Shi'ism from a persecuted "sect" to a dominant, if still minority, religious establishment. Sociologically, the book draws attention to the specific role of the state in defining "sect" and "church." It also argues the importance of class divisions within the Shi'i community, showing that the dominant clerical ideology was often not accepted by the laboring strata. Cole's study supports the view that Muslim communalism in Northern India had genuine historical roots and was not simply an elite strategy of modern Muslim politicians. Contrary to the arguments of some writers and to the image projected by Iran's current ayatullahs, he claims that most Shi'i clergy did not play a role of opposition to the state.

Shīʻah --- Islam and state --- Shåi°ah --- Islam --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- History. --- History --- Oudh (India) --- Ethnic relations. --- Religion. --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- Imamites --- Shia --- Shiism --- Twelvers (Islam) --- Awadh (India) --- Oude (india) --- History of Asia --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Iraq --- Iran --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Islamic sects --- Alids --- United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (India) --- Avadha (India) --- Oude (India)