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In an effort to prevent a terrorist attack, legislators increasingly resort to criminal law measures at an early stage of the iter criminis. Although this pre-emptive turn is often criticized, a thorough assessment based upon the fundaments of the criminal justice system is largely absent in scholarly discourse. This book, therefore, subjects three types of terrorism-related offences (i.e. offences with an impact on expression, information and movement) in four Western-European countries (i.e. Belgium, the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom) to a legitimacy test, based upon the principles of subsidiarity, proportionality and legality. Whilst subsidiarity primarily focusses on the grounds of criminalization (and more in particular the harm principle), proportionality and legality are reflected in a human rights assessment. The author examines the troublesome relationship between an efficient security policy and the value of well-established principles of substantive criminal law. She argues that lowering both the standards of actus reus and mens rea is a dangerous evolution which undermines the rule of law.

BPB2101 --- terrorisme --- τρομοκρατία --- terroriżmu --- terorisms --- terrorismo --- terrorism --- terrorizmus --- terorizam --- terorismus --- terorizem --- тероризам --- Terrorismus --- terorism --- terorizmus --- terrorizëm --- тероризъм --- terorizmas --- terroryzm --- terrorismi --- καταστολή της τρομοκρατίας --- terrorismo nero --- Bekämpfung des Terrorismus --- terrorista szervezet --- lucha contra el terrorismo --- терористичка група --- répression du terrorisme --- eliminim i terrorizmit --- lucha antiterrorista --- terorizmo išnaikinimas --- bekæmpelse af terrorisme --- grupo terrorista --- terrorszervezet --- potlačování terorismu --- elimination of terrorism --- brigate rosse --- bekämpande av terrorism --- combate contra o terrorismo --- antiterorizam --- kamp mot terrorism --- lupta împotriva terorismului --- terroristacsoport --- terrorismo di Stato --- πάταξη της τρομοκρατίας --- bestrijding van het terrorisme --- repressão do terrorismo --- борба против тероризам --- boj proti terorismu --- terrorizmus elleni küzdelem --- lotta al terrorismo --- terrorismo rosso --- zničenie terorizmu --- strage di Stato --- represión del terrorismo --- borba protiv terorizma --- repressione del terrorismo --- euroterrorismo --- terrorismin torjunta --- lutte contre le terrorisme --- антитероризам --- terorisma apkarošana --- terrorismivastane võitlus --- banda armada --- sceimhlitheoireacht --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Human rights --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- terrorisme. --- Terrorism --- Terrorisme --- Criminal law --- Droit pénal --- Prevention --- Law and legislation. --- Prévention --- Droit --- Comparative law --- Droit comparé

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After the 9/11 attacks, a large number of countries have undertaken programmes to bring together all relevant information in the fight against terrorism, in order to be able to produce integrated threat assessments. Some of these initiatives have even included the establishment of new structures, often referred to as ‘fusion centres’. At the end of 2006, such a fusion centre was also set up in Belgium: the Coordination Unit for Threat Assessment. In this book – that contains an introduction by Gilles de Kerchove, the EU Counter-Terrorism Coordinator and a concluding chapter by professor Peter Gill – the Belgian Standing Committee I collects contributions from European countries that have created a similar body or that have attributed the ‘all-source threat assessment’ assignment to an existing body. Besides the EU Joint Situation Centre, no fewer than 19 EU member states participated. The result paints a specific and valuable picture and gives a unique insight into the way integrated analyses are produced, not in the least because all contributions were written by people from within the fusion centres; not by outsiders. All chapters cover topics as the country’s intelligence and security landscape in the fight against terrorism, the drawing-up and dissemination of threat assessments, the legal framework, the organisation, resources, management and authority of the body or structure, internal and external review of the activities… The resulting overall picture is perhaps best described as a kaleidoscopic vision. Some member states set up a new body; others used existing services. Sometimes, the methodology is highly formalised; others use informal arrangements and work through consultation forums. For some services threat assessment is their core business, for others just one aspect of their operations. Some services only carry out ad hoc analyses, some only strategic analyses, and some do both. In some countries, the integrated threat assessment assignment has been entrusted to several services at the same time, while other countries have clearly assigned the task to a single service. To give structure to this profusion of information, Prof. Peter Gill, Honorary Fellow of the University of Liverpool and an authority in the field of intelligence studies, wrote the concluding chapter. This book provides a comprehensive picture on which all countries can draw in order to write more accurate, reliable and timely threat assessments for policymakers or for operational services.

International movements --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- European law --- Analyse du risque --- Analysis [Risk ] --- Assessment [Risk ] --- Estimation des risques --- Estimation du risque --- Risk analysis --- Risk assessment --- Risk evaluation --- Schatting van het risico --- Évaluation des risques --- Évaluation du risque --- Intelligence service --- Interagency coordination --- National security --- Terrorism --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Coordination, Interagency --- Interagency cooperation --- Cooperation --- Public administration --- Intergovernmental cooperation --- Counter intelligence --- Counterespionage --- Counterintelligence --- Intelligence community --- Secret police (Intelligence service) --- Research --- Disinformation --- Secret service --- Information resources management --- Prevention --- European Union countries --- Europe --- Comité P --- terrorism --- τρομοκρατία --- terroriżmu --- terorisms --- terrorismo --- terrorizmus --- terorizam --- terorismus --- terorizem --- тероризам --- Terrorismus --- terorism --- terorizmus --- terrorizëm --- тероризъм --- terorizmas --- terroryzm --- terrorismi --- terrorisme --- καταστολή της τρομοκρατίας --- terrorismo nero --- Bekämpfung des Terrorismus --- terrorista szervezet --- lucha contra el terrorismo --- терористичка група --- répression du terrorisme --- eliminim i terrorizmit --- lucha antiterrorista --- terorizmo išnaikinimas --- bekæmpelse af terrorisme --- grupo terrorista --- terrorszervezet --- potlačování terorismu --- elimination of terrorism --- brigate rosse --- bekämpande av terrorism --- combate contra o terrorismo --- antiterorizam --- kamp mot terrorism --- lupta împotriva terorismului --- terroristacsoport --- terrorismo di Stato --- πάταξη της τρομοκρατίας --- bestrijding van het terrorisme --- repressão do terrorismo --- борба против тероризам --- boj proti terorismu --- terrorizmus elleni küzdelem --- lotta al terrorismo --- terrorismo rosso --- zničenie terorizmu --- strage di Stato --- represión del terrorismo --- borba protiv terorizma --- repressione del terrorismo --- euroterrorismo --- terrorismin torjunta --- lutte contre le terrorisme --- антитероризам --- terorisma apkarošana --- terrorismivastane võitlus --- banda armada --- sceimhlitheoireacht

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Public administration --- Polemology --- European Union --- BPB1512 --- Union européenne --- Terrorisme --- Europese unie --- τρομοκρατία --- terroriżmu --- terorisms --- terrorismo --- terrorism --- terrorizmus --- terorizam --- terorismus --- terorizem --- тероризам --- Terrorismus --- terorism --- terorizmus --- terrorizëm --- тероризъм --- terorizmas --- terroryzm --- terrorismi --- terrorisme --- καταστολή της τρομοκρατίας --- terrorismo nero --- Bekämpfung des Terrorismus --- terrorista szervezet --- lucha contra el terrorismo --- терористичка група --- répression du terrorisme --- eliminim i terrorizmit --- lucha antiterrorista --- terorizmo išnaikinimas --- bekæmpelse af terrorisme --- grupo terrorista --- terrorszervezet --- potlačování terorismu --- elimination of terrorism --- brigate rosse --- bekämpande av terrorism --- combate contra o terrorismo --- antiterorizam --- kamp mot terrorism --- lupta împotriva terorismului --- terroristacsoport --- terrorismo di Stato --- πάταξη της τρομοκρατίας --- bestrijding van het terrorisme --- repressão do terrorismo --- борба против тероризам --- boj proti terorismu --- terrorizmus elleni küzdelem --- lotta al terrorismo --- terrorismo rosso --- zničenie terorizmu --- strage di Stato --- represión del terrorismo --- borba protiv terorizma --- repressione del terrorismo --- euroterrorismo --- terrorismin torjunta --- lutte contre le terrorisme --- антитероризам --- terorisma apkarošana --- terrorismivastane võitlus --- banda armada --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- sceimhlitheoireacht --- Union européenne

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Islam --- Polemology --- Terrorism --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009. --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- #GGSB: Islam --- BPB0907 --- Terrorisme --- EUROVOC (2831) --- #SBIB:327.6H40 --- #SBIB:327H05 --- C8 --- terrorisme --- Midden-Oosten (x) --- Internationale en diplomatieke relaties: periode na de Koude Oorlog / Val van de Muur --- Internationale betrekkingen: documenten --- Ideologie en politiek --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- Global Struggle Against Violent Extremism, 2001-2009 --- Global War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- GWOT, 2001-2009 (War on Terrorism) --- Terror War, 2001-2009 --- Terrorism War, 2001-2009 --- War against Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- Military history, Modern --- World politics --- Afghan War, 2001 --- -Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001 --- -Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- τρομοκρατία --- terroriżmu --- terorisms --- terrorismo --- terrorism --- terrorizmus --- terorizam --- terorismus --- terorizem --- тероризам --- Terrorismus --- terorism --- terorizmus --- terrorizëm --- тероризъм --- terorizmas --- terroryzm --- terrorismi --- καταστολή της τρομοκρατίας --- terrorismo nero --- Bekämpfung des Terrorismus --- terrorista szervezet --- lucha contra el terrorismo --- терористичка група --- répression du terrorisme --- eliminim i terrorizmit --- lucha antiterrorista --- terorizmo išnaikinimas --- bekæmpelse af terrorisme --- grupo terrorista --- terrorszervezet --- potlačování terorismu --- elimination of terrorism --- brigate rosse --- bekämpande av terrorism --- combate contra o terrorismo --- antiterorizam --- kamp mot terrorism --- lupta împotriva terorismului --- terroristacsoport --- terrorismo di Stato --- πάταξη της τρομοκρατίας --- bestrijding van het terrorisme --- repressão do terrorismo --- борба против тероризам --- boj proti terorismu --- terrorizmus elleni küzdelem --- lotta al terrorismo --- terrorismo rosso --- zničenie terorizmu --- strage di Stato --- represión del terrorismo --- borba protiv terorizma --- repressione del terrorismo --- euroterrorismo --- terrorismin torjunta --- lutte contre le terrorisme --- антитероризам --- terorisma apkarošana --- terrorismivastane võitlus --- banda armada --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Prevention --- sceimhlitheoireacht --- Afghan War, 2001-2021 --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Acts of terrorism --- -Religious aspects&delete& --- -Religious aspects --- -Islam and terrorism

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Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- godsdienst --- godsdienstfilosofie --- theologie --- politieke filosofie --- Religious studies --- Godsdienst --- Kerk - Staat (Algemeen) --- #GGSB: Filosofie --- BPB1102 --- Religion --- Islam --- Terrorisme --- 330.91 --- Fundamentalisme --- filosofie --- terrorisme --- politiek, politieke verschijnselen (o.a. corruptie, geweld, revolutie, terrorisme) --- Godsdienstig fanatisme. --- Islamitisch-fundamentalisme. --- Terrorisme. --- Terrorism --- Violence --- Religious aspects. --- Violence (in religion, folklore, etc.) --- Religious militants --- Religious aspects --- Moral and religious aspects --- τρομοκρατία --- terroriżmu --- terorisms --- terrorismo --- terrorism --- terrorizmus --- terorizam --- terorismus --- terorizem --- тероризам --- Terrorismus --- terorism --- terorizmus --- terrorizëm --- тероризъм --- terorizmas --- terroryzm --- terrorismi --- καταστολή της τρομοκρατίας --- terrorismo nero --- Bekämpfung des Terrorismus --- terrorista szervezet --- lucha contra el terrorismo --- терористичка група --- répression du terrorisme --- eliminim i terrorizmit --- lucha antiterrorista --- terorizmo išnaikinimas --- bekæmpelse af terrorisme --- grupo terrorista --- terrorszervezet --- potlačování terorismu --- elimination of terrorism --- brigate rosse --- bekämpande av terrorism --- combate contra o terrorismo --- antiterorizam --- kamp mot terrorism --- lupta împotriva terorismului --- terroristacsoport --- terrorismo di Stato --- πάταξη της τρομοκρατίας --- bestrijding van het terrorisme --- repressão do terrorismo --- борба против тероризам --- boj proti terorismu --- terrorizmus elleni küzdelem --- lotta al terrorismo --- terrorismo rosso --- zničenie terorizmu --- strage di Stato --- represión del terrorismo --- borba protiv terorizma --- repressione del terrorismo --- euroterrorismo --- terrorismin torjunta --- lutte contre le terrorisme --- антитероризам --- terorisma apkarošana --- terrorismivastane võitlus --- banda armada --- islám --- ισλαμισμός --- Iżlam --- islamas --- islams --- islamismo --- islam --- iszlám --- ислям --- ислам --- mahomedanism --- islamism --- moslimský veriaci --- islámské náboženství --- sunita --- islámská církev --- mohammedanisme --- šíita --- mohamedanizmus --- muslimi --- muhamedanisme --- mohamedánstvo --- Mohammedanism --- muhameedlus --- suna --- muhamedānisms --- muslimské náboženství --- muhamettilaisuus --- mahometonybė --- mešita --- Muhamedanizëm --- fe --- uskonto --- náboženstvo --- vallás --- religión --- religioon --- religie --- vjera --- religija --- religione --- reliģija --- religião --- náboženství --- religia --- религија --- reliġjon --- θρησκεία --- religion --- религия --- usutunnistus --- víra --- deismus --- светец --- теизам --- irreligiosità --- religiosità --- zbožnost --- věřící --- религиозност --- religiozita --- teismus --- деизам --- побожност --- světec --- kreacionismus --- panteismus --- Religionsgemeinschaft --- fideismus --- svatý --- vallási közösség --- Glaubensgemeinschaft --- pobožnost --- верници --- вера --- пантеизам --- sceimhlitheoireacht --- Ioslam --- reiligiún --- Filosofie