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Book
Errand into the wilderness of mirrors : religion and the history of the CIA
Author:
ISBN: 9780226767406 022676740X 9780226767543 Year: 2021 Publisher: Chicago The University of Chicago Press

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Abstract

"Michael Graziano investigates the religious conceptions of those who shaped and worked for the CIA, arguing that the Catholicism of key CIA figures--such as "Wild" Bill Donovan and Edward Lansdale--was decisive in establishing the agency's concerns, methods, and understandings of the world. In part this was because the Roman Catholic Church already had global networks of people and safe places that American agents could use to their advantage. But conversely, American agents were overly inclined to view other powerful religions and religious figures in the same framework as Catholicism--misconceptions that led, too often, to tragedy and disaster"--


Book
Why intelligence fails
Author:
ISBN: 0801457610 0801458854 0801478065 9780801458859 9780801447853 0801447852 9780801457616 9780801478062 Year: 2010 Volume: *21 Publisher: Ithaca, New York London

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The U.S. government spends enormous resources each year on the gathering and analysis of intelligence, yet the history of American foreign policy is littered with missteps and misunderstandings that have resulted from intelligence failures. In Why Intelligence Fails, Robert Jervis examines the politics and psychology of two of the more spectacular intelligence failures in recent memory: the mistaken belief that the regime of the Shah in Iran was secure and stable in 1978, and the claim that Iraq had active WMD programs in 2002. The Iran case is based on a recently declassified report Jervis was commissioned to undertake by CIA thirty years ago and includes memoranda written by CIA officials in response to Jervis's findings. The Iraq case, also grounded in a review of the intelligence community's performance, is based on close readings of both classified and declassified documents, though Jervis's conclusions are entirely supported by evidence that has been declassified. In both cases, Jervis finds not only that intelligence was badly flawed but also that later explanations-analysts were bowing to political pressure and telling the White House what it wanted to hear or were willfully blind-were also incorrect. Proponents of these explanations claimed that initial errors were compounded by groupthink, lack of coordination within the government, and failure to share information. Policy prescriptions, including the recent establishment of a Director of National Intelligence, were supposed to remedy the situation. In Jervis's estimation, neither the explanations nor the prescriptions are adequate. The inferences that intelligence drew were actually quite plausible given the information available. Errors arose, he concludes, from insufficient attention to the ways in which information should be gathered and interpreted, a lack of self-awareness about the factors that led to the judgments, and an organizational culture that failed to probe for weaknesses and explore alternatives. Evaluating the inherent tensions between the methods and aims of intelligence personnel and policymakers from a unique insider's perspective, Jervis forcefully criticizes recent proposals for improving the performance of the intelligence community and discusses ways in which future analysis can be improved.

Keywords

Intelligence service --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Weapons of mass destruction --- Evaluation --- Military intelligence --- Evaluation. --- United States. --- Iran --- History --- Anglo-American Invasion of Iraq, 2003-2011 --- Dawn, Operation New, 2010-2011 --- Gulf War II, 2003-2011 --- Iraqi Freedom, Operation, 2003-2010 --- New Dawn, Operation, 2010-2011 --- Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2003-2010 --- Operation New Dawn, 2010-2011 --- Operation Telic, 2003-2011 --- Persian Gulf War, 2003-2011 --- Telic, Operation, 2003-2011 --- Counter intelligence --- Counterespionage --- Counterintelligence --- Intelligence community --- Secret police (Intelligence service) --- Agjencia Qendrore e Inteligjencës --- Central Intelligence Agency (U.S.) --- CIA (Central Intelligence Agency (U.S.)) --- CIP (United States. Centrālās izlūkošanas pārvalde) --- Mei-kuo chung yang chʻing pao chü --- National Security Council (U.S.). --- Si Aing Ei --- T︠S︡entralʹnoe razvedyvatelʹnoe upravlenie SShA --- T︠S︡RU SShA --- T︠S︡RU (T︠S︡entralʹnoe razvedyvatelʹnoe upravlenie SShA) --- ЦРУ США --- ЦРУ (Центральное разведывательное управление США) --- Центральное разведывательное управление США --- ארצות הברית. --- 美國. --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- Public administration --- Research --- Disinformation --- Secret service --- National Security Council (U.S.) --- CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) --- Polemology --- United States --- Case studies --- United States. Central Intelligence Agency --- Revolution, 1979 --- Iraq --- Intelligence service - United States - Evaluation - Case studies --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 - Military intelligence - United States - Evaluation --- Weapons of mass destruction - Iraq --- Iran - History - Revolution, 1979 --- United States of America


Book
Cold war in the Congo : the confrontation of Cuban military forces, 1960 - 1967.
Author:
ISBN: 9781412810074 9781412847667 1412847664 1412810078 Year: 2009 Publisher: New Brunswick Transaction

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It is widely acknowledged that Congo became an East-West battlefield during the first half of the decade of the 1960s, yet the participation of Cuban exiles in the struggles is rarely noted. In this volume Villafaña details the contribution made by Cuban exiles to the preservation of democracy in Congo.

Keywords

République du Congo --- --Cuba --- --États-Unis --- --Histoire --- --Congo (Democratic Republic) --- History --- Cubans --- Mercenaires --- Cubains --- Participation, Cuban --- Participation cubaine --- Exiles --- Mercenary troops --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Refugees --- Mercenaries (Soldiers) --- Troops, Mercenary --- Armies --- Non-state actors (International relations) --- Soldiers --- Foreign enlistment --- Private military companies --- Ethnology --- United States. --- Agjencia Qendrore e Inteligjencës --- Central Intelligence Agency (U.S.) --- CIA (Central Intelligence Agency (U.S.)) --- CIP (United States. Centrālās izlūkošanas pārvalde) --- Mei-kuo chung yang chʻing pao chü --- National Security Council (U.S.). --- Si Aing Ei --- T︠S︡entralʹnoe razvedyvatelʹnoe upravlenie SShA --- T︠S︡RU SShA --- T︠S︡RU (T︠S︡entralʹnoe razvedyvatelʹnoe upravlenie SShA) --- ЦРУ США --- ЦРУ (Центральное разведывательное управление США) --- Центральное разведывательное управление США --- ארצות הברית. --- 美國. --- National Security Council (U.S.) --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (Leopoldville) --- République du Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of Congo (Leopoldville) --- République démocratique du Congo --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- Kongo --- Congo (Kinshasa) --- RDC (République démocratique du Congo) --- DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) --- DRK (Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo) --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- DR Congo --- RD Congo --- Belgian Congo --- Zaire --- Diplomatic history. --- Participation, Cuban. --- Exilés --- Histoire --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Diplomatic history --- Histoire diplomatique --- CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) --- Congo DR --- R.D. Congo --- Cuba --- États-Unis --- Congo (Democratic Republic) - History - 1960-1997.

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