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"Cet ouvrage propose de reformuler la théorie des surplus en rendant compte de situations observées de constitution et de libération de surplus violant manifestement les règles et les normes de la rationalité admise. Il présente une théorie générale qui intègre ces situations non retenues dans les hypothèses classiques. Ce cadre théorique intègre le temps psychologique à l'analyse des surplus et de l'équilibre qui en résulte dans le sillage notamment de Walras, Dupuit, Pareto, Marshall, Hicks et Allais. Le concept de substitution, ainsi que la dynamique du taux marginal de substitution qui en découle, sont redéfinis à partir du référentiel spécifique de nature psychologique, constitutif du Sujet économique et de son action, et structuré par la durée, la mémoire et l'oubli. Si l'on paraît substituer des biens, des quantités et de la matière physique, et il en est souvent ainsi, il s'agit toujours de substituer du temps, des valeurs-temps, de la matière-temps, des unités de mémoire et de la durée. L'ouvrage propose ainsi ine approche HRSLR (Hereditary, Relative, Subjective and of Limited Rationality hypothesis) de la fonction de demande "du consommateur". Nous définissons la notion de prix fondamental à partir du rapport entre prix instantané et valeur-temps psychologique perçue. Nous posons l'analogie entre (i) taux marginaux de substitution ; (ii) taux marginaux d'accroissement ou de ralentissement des valeurs-temps psychologiques perçues ; et (iii) taux marginaux d'accumulation ou de décumulation de mémoire. Nous n'avons pas à faire dans la vie réelle à des aberrations mais à des champs de choix qui ne sont pas toujours convexes et à des taux marginaux de substitution qui ne sont pas toujours décroissants. Les situations de convavité et de rendements psychologiques croissants sont suffisamment nombreuses pour que la théorie cherche à les intégrer dans le cadre d'une rationalité limitée. La compréhension d'évènements présentés comme simplement "irrationnels" ne peut qu'y gagner."

Surplus (Economics) --- Consumers' surplus --- Time and economic reactions

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The productivity of a business exerts an important influence on its financial performance. A similar influence exists for industries and economies: those with superior productivity performance thrive at the expense of others. Productivity performance helps explain the growth and demise of businesses and the relative prosperity of nations. Productivity Accounting: The Economics of Business Performance offers an in-depth analysis of variation in business performance, providing the reader with an analytical framework within which to account for this variation and its causes and consequences. The primary focus is the individual business, and the principal consequence of business productivity performance is business financial performance. Alternative measures of financial performance are considered, including profit, profitability, cost, unit cost, and return on assets. Combining analytical rigor with empirical illustrations, the analysis draws on wide-ranging literatures, both historical and current, from business and economics, and explains how businesses create value and distribute it.

Productivity accounting. --- Industrial productivity --- Profit. --- Net income --- Business --- Capital --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Finance --- Surplus (Economics) --- Surplus value --- Wealth --- Income --- Risk --- Labor productivity --- Accounting --- Measurement. --- Productivity accounting --- Industrial productivity - Measurement --- Profit

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Capital --- Methodology of economics --- Capital. --- Profit --- Prices. --- Interest --- Value. --- Economics. --- Economics --- Prices --- Value --- Standard of value --- Cost --- Exchange --- Wealth --- Supply and demand --- Net income --- Business --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Finance --- Surplus (Economics) --- Surplus value --- Income --- Risk --- Commercial products --- Commodity prices --- Justum pretium --- Price theory --- Consumption (Economics) --- Costs, Industrial --- Money --- Cost and standard of living --- Wages --- Willingness to pay --- Interest and usury --- Finance charges --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Capital assets --- Fixed assets --- Capitalism --- Infrastructure (Economics)

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Central planning --- Profit --- Europe, Eastern --- Soviet Union --- Economic policy --- -Central planning --- -Profit --- -330.85 --- 338.1 <4-11> --- Net income --- Business --- Capital --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Finance --- Surplus (Economics) --- Surplus value --- Wealth --- Income --- Risk --- Central economic planning --- Centrally planned economy --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- -Soviet Union --- -East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- -Economic policy --- 330.85 --- Economic policy. --- Central planning - Soviet Union --- Profit - Soviet Union --- Profit - Europe, Eastern --- Central planning - Europe, Eastern --- Europe, Eastern - Economic policy --- Soviet Union - Economic policy

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Quantitative methods (economics) --- Profit --- Cost accounting --- Decision making --- Rentabilité --- Prix de revient --- Prise de décision --- Accounting --- Decision Making --- 657.471 --- 658.315 --- -Decision making --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management --- Management decisions --- Choice (Psychology) --- Problem solving --- Net income --- Business --- Capital --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Finance --- Surplus (Economics) --- Surplus value --- Wealth --- Income --- Risk --- Cost --- Costing --- Costs, Industrial --- Historical costs (Accounting) --- Costs. Kinds of cost. Cost centres. Cost units --- Relations between management and workforce within the firm --- Cost accounting. --- Decision making. --- Accounting. --- 658.315 Relations between management and workforce within the firm --- 657.471 Costs. Kinds of cost. Cost centres. Cost units --- Rentabilité --- Prise de décision --- Profit - Accounting