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Les grandes aspirations de l'Afrique en matière de développement s'inscrivent dans le contexte plus large d'un programme de développement économique à l'échelle de laplanète et du continent. Pour y répondre, des ressources financières considérables sont nécessaires alors même que les modalités de financement du développement sont en train de changer au niveau mondial, le modèle centré sur l'aide publique au développement et le financement des besoins restants par la dette extérieure laissant la place à un cadre dans lequel l'accent est davantage mis sur la mobilisation des ressources intérieures. Ce rapport examine des problématiques fondamentales propres à la dette intérieure et extérieure et donne des conseils sur le fragile équilibre à trouver entre les différentes modalités de financement du développement et la viabilité de la dette globale.

BPB0711 --- Développement économique --- Afrique --- Dette publique --- BPB1608 --- Economische ontwikkeling --- Afrika --- Overheidsschuld --- Africa --- Economic development --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- public debt --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- Aafrika --- Африка --- África --- Afrikka --- Afryka --- Āfrika --- Αφρική --- africké krajiny --- χώρες της Αφρικής --- африкански држави --- africké země --- país da África --- afrikanske lande --- Afrika országai --- African countries --- afrikanska länder --- vendet Afrikane --- país de África --- afričke zemlje --- paesi dell'Africa --- země Afriky --- Afrikas länder --- africké státy --- státy Afriky --- Afrikan maat --- afrikai országok --- Afrikos šalys --- pays africains --- paesi africani --- Aafrika riigid --- pays d'Afrique --- Länder Afrikas --- país africano --- Afrikaanse landen --- țări africane --- Afrikaans land --- afrikanische Länder --- afrikai államok --- αφρικανικές χώρες --- taloudellinen kehitys --- wirtschaftliche Entwicklung --- majandusareng --- sviluppo economico --- economische ontwikkeling --- икономическо развитие --- economic development --- ekonomski razvoj --- økonomisk udvikling --- hospodársky rozvoj --- żvilupp ekonomiku --- desarrollo económico --- dezvoltare economică --- zhvillim ekonomik --- rozwój gospodarczy --- gospodarski razvoj --- hospodářský rozvoj --- привредни развој --- desenvolvimento económico --- ūkio plėtra --- економски развој --- οικονομική ανάπτυξη --- ekonomikas attīstība --- gazdasági fejlődés --- ekonomisk utveckling --- οικονομική άνθηση --- auge económico --- wirtschaftliche Erholung --- hospodářský rozmach --- Verbesserung der Wirtschaftslage --- noususuhdanne --- hospodářský vzestup --- zlepšení hospodářské situace --- economic upswing --- Wirtschaftsaufschwung --- risanamento dell'economia --- milagre económico --- ekonomiskt uppsving --- ekonomikos pakilimas --- slancio economico --- ekonomický rozvoj --- vlucht van de economie --- раст на економијата --- majanduse kasv --- економски пораст --- økonomisk fremgang --- progres economic --- hospodársky rozmach --- tautsaimniecības attīstība --- ρυθμός οικονομικής ανάπτυξης --- tautsaimniecības uzplaukums --- sviluppo del mercato --- consolidamento dell'economia --- alza económica --- ekonomikos plėtra --- a gazdasági helyzet javulása --- ngritje ekonomike --- økonomisk opgang --- раст на економската активност --- hospodářská konjunktura --- ekonomiskais uzplaukums --- essor économique --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- An Afraic --- forbairt eacnamaíoch --- Développement économique

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Debts, Public --- Economic History --- Management --- AA / International- internationaal --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- 336.302 --- Dette publique --- Crise monétaire --- Économie internationale --- Déflation --- BPB1008 --- Weerslag van de rijksschuld. --- Overheidsschuld --- Monetaire crisis --- Internationale economie --- Deflatie --- Debts, Public. --- Deficit financing. --- Financial crises. --- International economic relations. --- Dettes publiques --- Financement par le déficit --- Crises financières --- Relations économiques internationales --- Financement par le déficit --- Crises financières --- Relations économiques internationales --- Deficit financing --- Financial crises --- International economic relations --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Compensatory spending --- Deficit spending --- Financing, Deficit --- Budget deficits --- Finance, Public --- Full employment policies --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Weerslag van de rijksschuld --- international økonomi --- maailmamajandus --- svjetska ekonomija --- svetovno gospodarstvo --- ekonomi botërore --- internationell ekonomi --- internationale Wirtschaft --- διεθνής οικονομία --- svetové hospodárstvo --- economía internacional --- pasaules ekonomika --- ekonomija dinjija --- economie mondială --- internationale economie --- světová ekonomika --- международна икономика --- светска економија --- economia internazionale --- világgazdaság --- world economy --- kansainvälinen talous --- pasaulio ekonomika --- светска привреда --- gospodarka światowa --- economia internacional --- economía mundial --- economia mundial --- economie internațională --- παγκόσμια οικονομία --- économie mondiale --- wereldeconomie --- global ekonomi --- globalna ekonomija --- ekonomi ndërkombëtare --- světové hospodářství --- глобална економија --- rahvusvaheline majandus --- starptautiskā ekonomika --- svjetsko gospodarstvo --- nemzetközi gazdaság --- mezinárodní hospodářství --- verdensøkonomi --- globální ekonomika --- economia mondiale --- tarptautinė ekonomika --- Weltwirtschaft --- världsekonomi --- medzinárodné hospodárstvo --- international economy --- меѓународна економија --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- public debt --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- deflazzjoni --- deflácia --- deflatie --- дефлация --- дефлација --- díbhoilsciú --- deflacija --- deflace --- deflazione --- deflație --- Deflation --- deflation --- deflacion --- αντιπληθωρισμός --- deflaatio --- deflācija --- deflação --- defliacija --- deflación --- defláció --- deflatsioon --- deflacja --- deflációs politika --- deflationistische Politik --- politica deflazionistica --- deflationspolitik --- дефлациска политика --- politique déflationniste --- αντιπληθωριστική πολιτική --- política deflacionista --- defliacinė politika --- gap deflazionistico --- politică deflaționistă --- deflācijas politika --- дефлациски тенденции --- deflaatiopolitiikka --- recessione --- deflatsioonipoliitika --- stagnazione --- politikë deflacioniste --- deflační politika --- deflatoire politiek --- deflačná politika --- deflationary policy --- krizë monetare --- monetaire crisis --- crisi monetaria --- měnová krize --- valuuttakriisi --- crisis monetaria --- monetarna kriza --- denarna kriza --- monetáris válság --- menová kríza --- valutakrise --- valūtas krīze --- парична криза --- criză monetară --- pinigų krizė --- Währungskrise --- crise monetária --- valutakris --- valuutakriis --- kryzys walutowy --- νομισματική κρίση --- kriżi monetarja --- monetary crisis --- монетарна криза --- géarchéim airgeadra --- kriżi finanzjarja --- krize měny --- crise financière --- finanční krize --- criză financiară --- finanšu krīze --- géarchéim airgeadais --- rahanduskriis --- nemzetközi pénzügyi válság --- Schuldenkrise --- crise financeira --- monetær krise --- rahoituskriisi --- finančná kríza --- crisi finanziaria --- krizë financiare --- finansiell kris --- currency crisis --- finančna kriza --- finanskris --- finantskriis --- kryzys finansowy --- financial crisis --- финансијска криза --- internationale Finanzkrise --- pénzügyi válság --- меѓународна финансиска криза --- валутна криза --- financiële crisis --- crisis financiera --- mezinárodní finanční krize --- финансиска криза --- χρηματοοικονομική κρίση --- должничка криза --- finanskrise --- krize finančního systému --- криза на финансискиот систем --- Finanzkrise --- финансова криза --- finansinė krizė --- geilleagar an domhain --- géarchéim airgeadaíochta --- Debts, Public - Management --- Économie internationale --- Crise monétaire --- Déflation

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Governments should spend no more than their tax income.' Most people in Europe and North America accept this statement as simple common sense. It matches the deeply engrained economic metaphors that dominate public discourse, from 'living within your means' to 'balancing the budget' - all necessary, or so conventional wisdom holds, to avoid the dangers of debt, taxation and financial ruin. This book shows how these homely metaphors constitute the 'debt delusion' a set of plausible-sounding yet false ideas that have been used to justify damaging austerity policies. John Weeks debunks these myths, explaining both the true story behind public spending, taxation, and debt, and the real function of these in the management of our economies. He demonstrates that disputes about public finances are not primarily technical matters best left to specialists and experts, as many politicians would have us believe, but rather fundamentally questions about our true political priorities. Requiring no prior economic knowledge, this is an ideal primer for anyone wishing to cut through the rhetoric and misinformation that dominate political debates on economics and become an informed citizen.

Debts, Public --- Finance, Public --- Government spending policy --- Fiscal policy --- Politique d'austérité --- Dette publique --- Dépense publique --- Impôt --- BPB1912 --- skatt --- tatim --- данок --- porez --- nodoklis --- данък --- mokestis --- tax --- daň --- imposto --- impozit --- φόρος --- imposta --- порез --- impuesto --- taxxa --- skat --- podatek --- vero --- Steuer --- adó --- maks --- belasting --- davek --- apmokestinimo norma --- Abgabe --- даночна стапка --- skattesats --- aliquota d'imposizione --- јавна давачка --- miera zdanenia --- maksumäär --- tipo de gravamen --- taxa fiscal --- verokanta --- az adózás mértéke --- porezna stopa --- gravamen fiscal --- finansiel ordning --- taxe fiscale --- maksustamismäär --- Steuersatz --- daňová sazba --- оданочување --- taxa de imposição --- fiskal avgift --- beskatningsprocent --- tasa --- taux d'imposition --- adómérték --- cotă de impozitare --- sadzba dane --- tasso d'imposizione --- φορολογικά τέλη --- Steuerschuld --- míra zdanění --- φορολογικός συντελεστής --- canone fiscale --- belastingtarief --- contribución --- rate of taxation --- fiscale retributie --- shkallë e tatimit --- illeték --- belastingschijf --- tarifa impositiva --- veroprosentti --- tipo impositivo --- nodokļa likme --- imposizione fiscale --- járulék --- shkallë tatimore --- tax rate --- taxă fiscală --- mokesčio norma --- tributo --- δημόσια δαπάνη --- public expenditure --- јавен расход --- shpenzime publike --- offentlig utgift --- öffentliche Ausgabe --- offentlig udgift --- spesa pubblica --- overheidsuitgave --- јавни расход --- viešosios išlaidos --- állami kiadások --- cheltuieli publice --- wydatki publiczne --- nefqa pubblika --- verejný výdavok --- despesas públicas --- javnofinančni odhodki --- veřejné výdaje --- javni izdatak --- valsts sektora izdevumi --- обществен разход --- gasto público --- avaliku sektori kulud --- julkiset menot --- shpenzime shtetërore --- despesas do Estado --- government expenditure --- spesa dello Stato --- julkistalouden menot --- vládní výdaje --- vyriausybės išlaidos --- statsutgift --- közkiadás --- cheltuieli guvernamentale --- vládny výdavok --- valitsemissektori kulud --- владин расход --- gasto del Estado --- dépense de l'État --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- public debt --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- politika úsporných opatření --- åtstramningspolitik --- politika úsporných opatrení --- política de austeridad --- griežto taupymo politika --- bezuinigingsbeleid --- politică de austeritate --- austerity policy --- varčevalna politika --- polityka oszczędnościowa --- política de austeridade --- политика штедње --- talouden kiristämispolitiikka --- Sparpolitik --- πολιτική λιτότητας --- politica di austerità --- kokkuhoiupoliitika --- политика по спестяванията --- politikë shtrënguese --- taupības politika --- politika ta' awsterità --- megszorító politika --- stram økonomisk politik --- политика на штедење --- politika štednje --- politique de rigueur --- takarékossági politika --- politika poduzimanja mjera štednje --- megszorító intézkedések --- tiukka talouspolitiikka --- svångremspolitik --- spaarpolitiek --- politika omezování --- politica di rigore --- úsporná opatření státu --- sparepolitik --- Austerity-Politik --- stram ekonomisk politik --- imposta (tassa) --- öffentliche Ausgaben --- cáin --- beartas déine --- caiteachas poiblí --- Impôt --- Politique d'austérité --- Dépense publique --- dette publique

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Crise, fardeau, faillite, poison… La dette est un sujet anxiogène et clivant. Pour certains, elle est à redouter et pourquoi pas à interdire. Pour d'autres, il suffirait au contraire de la monétiser ou de l'annuler complètement. En mettant en perspective le mécanisme de l'endettement, les caractéristiques de la dette et les principaux questionnements qu'elle suscite, ce livre permet une prise de recul pédagogique et éclairante sur cet enjeu majeur de l'économie.

dette publique --- finances publiques --- déficit budgétaire --- libéralisation du marché --- relance économique --- politique monétaire --- banque centrale --- централна банка --- banc ceannais --- keskuspankki --- Zentralbank --- središnja banka --- centrálna banka --- bankë qendrore --- központi bank --- keskpank --- centrinis bankas --- bancă centrală --- banco central --- banca centrale --- κεντρική τράπεζα --- centrální banka --- bank centralny --- central bank --- centrālā banka --- bank ċentrali --- centralna banka --- centralbank --- centrale bank --- nationale bank --- federālā banka --- Banco de España --- banco emisor --- εθνική τράπεζα --- емисиска банка --- banco emissor --- banco federal --- bankë e shtetit --- nacionalna banka --- Forbundsbank --- banca d'emissione --- národná banka --- kansallinen pankki --- банка издавач --- šalies bankas --- föderaalpank --- ομοσπονδιακή τράπεζα --- national bank --- sedelutgivande bank --- federalna banka --- emisná banka --- riksbank --- jegybank --- banque fédérale --- bankë federale --- bancă federală --- bancă națională --- cedulová banka --- federale bank --- emissiebank --- nationalbank --- förbundsbank --- narodna banka --- bankë e emetimit të parasë --- banque nationale --- federal bank --- emisijas banka --- seddeludstedende bank --- národní banka --- emisijos bankas --- banco nacional --- szövetségi bank --- Banco de Portugal --- circulatiebank --- istituto d'emissione --- središnja nacionalna banka --- федерална банка --- nemzeti bank --- εκδοτική τράπεζα --- emisní banka --- национална банка --- banca federale --- Bundesbank --- seddelbank --- banca nazionale --- bank of issue --- federalinis bankas --- emissioonipank --- Notenbank --- banque d'émission --- federálna banka --- avaajapankki --- política monetaria --- νομισματική πολιτική --- politică monetară --- měnová politika --- menová politika --- rahapolitiikka --- pinigų politika --- beartas airgeadaíochta --- Geldpolitik --- política monetária --- monetary policy --- monetārā politika --- monetair beleid --- rahapoliitika --- валутна политика --- penningpolitik --- monetarna politika --- монетарна политика --- polityka walutowa --- monetær politik --- politica monetaria --- politika monetarja --- monetáris politika --- politikë monetare --- currency reform --- monetární politika --- monetaire stabiliteit --- menová situácia --- νομισματική μεταρρύθμιση --- pinigų reforma --- situazione monetaria --- naudas politika --- monetáris helyzet --- měnová situace --- menová reforma --- currency situation --- situação monetária --- situación monetaria --- money policy --- valuuttatilanne --- situatë valutore --- reformă monetară --- penningreform --- νομισματική κατάσταση --- Währungspolitik --- Währungslage --- riforma monetaria --- monetáris reform --- monetarinė politika --- peňažná politika --- reformë valutore --- reforma monetária --- valuutareform --- valuutasituatsioon --- situație monetară --- novčarska politika --- pénzpolitika --- situation monétaire --- pénzreform --- rahareform --- réforme monétaire --- novčana politika --- valūtas reforma --- Geld- und Kreditpolitik --- reforma monetaria --- stabilità monetaria --- монетарна реформа --- Währungsreform --- monetaire situatie --- politika e parasë --- monetaarpoliitika --- monetaire hervorming --- piniginė padėtis --- valuuttauudistus --- měnová reforma --- monetär situation --- подстицање привредног опоравка --- igangsætning af økonomisk opsving --- reflacion --- oživljanje gospodarstva --- reflacja --- reflatsioon --- рефлация --- heractivering van de economie --- athbhoilsciú --- talouden elvytys --- reactivación económica --- reflation --- ekonomikos gyvinimas --- oživení hospodářství --- oživljavanje ekonomije --- Ankurbelung der Wirtschaft --- заживување на стопанството --- a gazdaság élénkítése --- αναθέρμανση της οικονομίας --- reflácia --- relansare economică --- rilancio economico --- reflācija --- reflazzjoni --- relançamento económico --- refliacija --- aktivace hospodářství --- gazdaságélénkítés --- Wiederbelebung der Wirtschaft --- развојни иницијативи --- recupero economico --- oživljavanje gospodarstva --- pagyvėjimas --- стимулација на економскиот раст --- rialzo dell'economia --- stimulace růstu --- заживување на економијата --- rozvojové iniciativy --- relanzamiento de la economía --- marktliberalisatie --- tirgus liberalizācija --- liberalizacja rynku --- liberalizzazzjoni tas-suq --- либерализация на пазара --- a piac liberalizációja --- liberalizim i tregut --- rinkos liberalizavimas --- απελευθέρωση της αγοράς --- Liberalisierung des Marktes --- liberalisering af markedet --- liberalisation of the market --- liberalizace trhu --- liberalización del mercado --- markkinoiden vapauttaminen --- liberalizacija tržišta --- liberalizacija trga --- liberalizácia trhu --- liberalizzazione del mercato --- léirscaoileadh an mhargaidh --- liberalizarea pieței --- либерализација тржишта --- liberalisering av marknaden --- turu liberaliseerimine --- liberalização do mercado --- либерализација на пазарот --- liberalization of the market --- piacliberalizálás --- talousarvion alijäämä --- rozpočtový schodek --- défice orçamental --- defiċit baġitarju --- deficyt budżetowy --- budgetunderskott --- begrotingstekort --- rozpočtový deficit --- déficit presupuestario --- бюджетен дефицит --- biudžeto deficitas --- eelarve puudujääk --- easnamh sa bhuiséad --- буџетски дефицит --- Haushaltsdefizit --- budgetunderskud --- deficit buxhetor --- deficit bugetar --- έλλειμμα του προϋπολογισμού --- budget deficit --- budžeta deficīts --- proračunski deficit --- költségvetési hiány --- disavanzo di bilancio --- proračunski primanjkljaj --- eelarve defitsiit --- deficit di bilancio --- államháztartási hiány --- proračunski manjak --- Haushaltsfehlbetrag --- saldo negativo del bilancio --- държавни финанси --- financat publike --- public finance --- finanțe publice --- finanzi pubbliċi --- javne finance --- öffentliche Finanzen --- overheidsfinanciën --- offentlige finanser --- finanze pubbliche --- finanse publiczne --- δημόσια οικονομικά --- riigirahandus --- valsts finanses --- airgeadas poiblí --- verejné financie --- finanças públicas --- julkistalous --- államháztartás --- valstybės finansai --- јавни финансии --- hacienda pública --- javne financije --- veřejné finance --- offentliga finanser --- јавне финансије --- Staatsfinanzen --- közpénzügyek --- finanzas públicas --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- public debt --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- Politique des dépenses publiques. --- Dettes publiques --- déficit budgétaire --- libéralisation du marché --- relance économique --- politique monétaire --- Politique des dépenses publiques