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Research on Economic Inequality, Volume 19, Inequality of Opportunity contains eight papers, both theoretical and applied, on the concept of equality of opportunity which says that a society should guarantee its members equal access to advantage regardless of their circumstances, while holding them responsible for turning that access into actual advantage by the application of effort. Theoretical papers discuss to what extent some of the measures of inequality of opportunity meet the reward and the compensation principles, a new methodology for evaluating long-term income distributions according to the equality of opportunity principle, the implications of partial observability of individuals circumstances on the measurement of inequality of opportunity and the advantages of applying segregation indices to study inequality in life chances when the variable is ordinal. The applied work includes studies that investigate how governments affect inequality of opportunity through the design of their tax and transfer schemes in 15 European countries, the changing role of circumstances for measuring inequality of opportunity in Chile, the existence of a poverty trap in Haiti and its consequences for equality of opportunity, and the importance of the correlation between circumstances and effort in the measurement of inequality of opportunity in U.S. during the period 1969-2007.

Income distribution. --- Economics.

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The Symposium on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI) began as a workshop held in 2003 in San Sebastián (Spain) under the Spanish Artificial Intelligence Conference. This event gathered 32 attendees and 18 papers were presented. The second edition, already as a Symposium, took place in Granada (Spain) under the first Spanish Computer Science Conference (CEDI). Later, in 2006, a second workshop was celebrated in Ciudad Real and, in 2007; the second Symposium was organized in Zaragoza by the CEDI conference. Now we continue to work on the organization of this event in Salamanca, a beautiful Spanish city. The European Community and the Sixth and Seventh Framework Programs encourage researchers to explore the generic scope of the AmI vision. In fact, some researchers have a crucial role in this vision. Emile Aarts from Philips describes Ambient Intelligence as "the integration of technology into our environment, so that people can freely and interactively utilize it". This idea agrees with the proposal of Mark Weiser regarding the Ubiquitous Computing paradigm. The UCAmI community tries to join experts around the world in order to promote collaborations and to put into practice studies for involving people into intelligent environments so that the "Everyday Computing" concept can be a reality. The UCAmI technical program includes 40 papers (31 long paper, 6 short paper and 3 doctoral consortium) selected from a submission pool of 56 papers, from 11 different countries.

Ambient intelligence. --- Electronic data processing -- Distributed processing. --- Embedded computer systems --Congresses. --- Mobile computing --Congresses. --- Portable computing --Congresses. --- Ubiquitous computing -- Congresses. --- Ubiquitous computing. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Civil Engineering --- Computer Science --- Applied Mathematics --- Ambient intelligence --- Ubiquitous computing --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Artificial intelligence. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Computer Science. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Appl.Mathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Informatics --- Science --- Mathematics --- AmI (Ambient intelligence) --- Intelligence, Ambient --- Voice computing --- Information systems. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering. --- Artificial Intelligence.

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Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a recent paradigm emerging from Artificial Intelligence (AI), where computers are used as proactive tools assisting people with their day-to-day activities, making everyone’s life more comfortable. Another main concern of AmI originates from the human computer interaction domain and focuses on offering ways to interact with systems in a more natural way by means user friendly interfaces. This field is evolving quickly as can be witnessed by the emerging natural language and gesture based types of interaction. The inclusion of computational power and communication technologies in everyday objects is growing and their embedding into our environments should be as invisible as possible. In order for AmI to be successful, human interaction with computing power and embedded systems in the surroundings should be smooth and happen without people actually noticing it. The only awareness people should have arises from AmI: more safety, comfort and wellbeing, emerging in a natural and inherent way. ISAmI is the International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence and aiming to bring together researchers from various disciplines that constitute the scientific field of Ambient Intelligence to present and discuss the latest results, new ideas, projects and lessons learned, namely in terms of software and applications, and aims to bring together researchers from various disciplines that are interested in all aspects of this area.

Ambient intelligence -- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Ambient intelligence -- Research. --- Ambient intelligence. --- Ambient intelligence --- Computer architecture. --- Congresses. --- Architecture, Computer --- AmI (Ambient intelligence) --- Intelligence, Ambient --- Engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational intelligence. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Human-computer interaction --- Ubiquitous computing --- Voice computing --- Artificial Intelligence.

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Research on Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) investigates how information and communication technologies can be designed in order to support pedagogical activities. The workshop proceedings collects contributions concerning evidence based TEL systems, like their design following EBD principles as well as studies or best practices that educators, education stakeholders or psychologists used to diagnose or improve their students' learning skills, including students with specific difficulties. The international ebTEL’12 workshop wants to be a forum in which TEL researchers and practitioners alike can discuss ideas, projects, and lessons related to ebTEL. The workshop takes place in Salamanca, Spain, on March 28th-30th 2012.  .

Computer-assisted instruction -- Congresses. --- Computer-assisted instruction. --- Educational technology -- Congresses. --- Educational technology. --- Educational technology --- Computer-assisted instruction --- Teaching --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Computer Science --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Aids and devices --- Engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational intelligence. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Artificial Intelligence.

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, PAAMS 2013, held in Salamanca, Spain, in May 2013. The 14 revised full papers and 9 short papers presented together with 16 demonstrations were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 submissions. The papers report on the application and validation of agent-based models, methods, and technologies in a number of key application areas, including: agents for real world problems; crowd modeling and analysis; decision making and discovery; interaction with artificial agents; mobility, ubiquity and clouds; (multi-)agent design technology; and simulation and organization.

Computer science. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer simulation. --- Education. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Computers and Education. --- Computers and Society. --- Computer Applications. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Informatics --- Education --- Application software. --- Computers and civilization. --- Data processing. --- Intelligent agents (Computer software) --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Agents, Autonomous (Computer software) --- Agents, Cognitive (Computer software) --- Agents, Intelligent (Computer software) --- Assistants, Cognitive (Computer software) --- Assistants, Intelligent software --- Autonomous agents (Computer software) --- Cognitive agents (Computer software) --- Cognitive assistants (Computer software) --- IAs (Computer software) --- Intelligent agent software --- Intelligent software agents --- Intelligent software assistants --- Software agents (Computer software) --- Special agents (Computer software) --- Artificial intelligence --- Computer programs --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Science --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Model-integrated computing --- Education—Data processing. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Civilization and computers