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This work is based on experiences acquired by the authors regarding often asked questions and problems during manifold education of beginners in analytical transmission electron microscopy. These experiences are summarised illustratively in this textbook. Explanations based on simple models and hints for the practical work are the focal points. This practically- oriented textbook represents a clear and comprehensible introduction for all persons who want to use a transmission electron microscope in practice but who are not specially qualified electron microscopists up to now.

Transmission electron microscopy. --- Electron microscopy --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Spectroscopy. --- Engineering. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Materials science. --- Microscopy. --- Nanotechnology. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Analytical chemistry

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This volume contains the lecture notes of the 8th Reasoning Web Summer School 2012, held in Vienna, Austria, in September 2012, in the form of worked out tutorial papers on the various topics that have been covered in that school. The 2012 summer school program had been put together under the general leitmotif of advanced query answering topics for the Web. The idea was to address on the one hand foundations and computational aspects of query answering, in formalisms, methods and technology, and on the other hand to also spotlight some rising or emerging application fields relating to the Semantic Web in which query answering plays a role, and which by their nature also pose new challenges and problems for this task; linked stream processing, geospatial data, semantic wikis, and argumentation on the web fall in this category.

Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Semantic Web --- Semantic computing --- Computer science. --- Mathematical logic. --- Database management. --- Data mining. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Database Management. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer science --- Semantics --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Machine theory. --- Formal Languages and Automata Theory. --- Computer and Information Systems Applications. --- Abstract automata --- Abstract machines --- Automata --- Mathematical machine theory --- Algorithms --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Recursive functions --- Robotics --- Data centers

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Nur wenigen Deutschen ist bewusst, dass auch die italienische Armee am Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion beteiligt war. In Italien ist die Erinnerung an Mussolinis blutiges Abenteuer an der Ostfront hingegen bis heute lebendig geblieben. Allerdings blendet diese Erinnerung unbequeme Themen weitgehend aus und lässt die Soldaten des königlichen Heeres als unschuldige Opfer erscheinen, die nicht zuletzt von ihren deutschen Verbündeten im Stich gelassen worden seien. Dass die Realität bei weitem komplexer war, zeigen nicht nur Dokumente aus deutschen und italienischen Archiven: Der Band ordnet die Campagna italiana di Russia in die größeren Zusammenhänge ein, thematisiert Kriegführung, Besatzungspraxis sowie Mentalität der italienischen Armee an der Ostfront und hinterfragt das Verhältnis der Bündnispartner.

World War, 1939-1945 --- Campaigns --- Germany. --- Italy. --- Sardinia (Kingdom). --- Norddeutscher Bund (1866-1870). --- History

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Nerve cells form thousands of contact points, the synapses, to communicate information with other neurons and target cells. Synapses are sites for changes in brain function through modification of synaptic transmission termed synaptic plasticity. The study of synaptic plasticity has flourished over the years with the advancement of technical breakthroughs and is a timely scientific endeavor today just like it was several decades ago. This book contributes to our understanding of synaptic plasticity at the molecular, biochemical, and cellular systems and behavioral level and informs the reader about its clinical relevance. The book contains ten chapters in three sections: (1) ""Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity,"" (2) ""Neural Plasticity,"" and (3) ""Plasticity and Neurological Diseases."" The book provides detailed and current reviews in these different areas written by experts in their respective fields. The mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and its relation to neurological diseases are featured prominently as a recurring theme throughout most chapters. This book will be most useful for neuroscientists and other scientists alike and will contribute to the training of current and future students who find the plastic nervous system as fascinating as many generations before them.

Neuroplasticity. --- Nervous system plasticity --- Neural adaptation --- Neural plasticity --- Neuronal adaptation --- Neuronal plasticity --- Plasticity, Nervous system --- Soft-wired nervous system --- Synaptic plasticity --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Neurophysiology --- Developmental neurobiology --- Life Sciences --- Neuroplasticity --- Neuroscience --- Neurobiology

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Known worldwide, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease that affects up to 4% of the population with increasing figures also in the developing countries. Life expectancy of patients affected by CKD is shortened compared to the overall population, and only a minority of patients reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with the need for dialysis or renal transplantation; death overtakes dialysis. In the 13 chapters, this book sheds light on the different aspects related to pathophysiology and clinical aspects of CKD, providing interesting insights into not only inflammation and cardiovascular risk but also the interplay of hormones and the functional aspects of endothelial function. In addition, chapters dealing with genetic aspects of polycystic kidney disease and also the clinical handling of patients with CKD and peritoneal dialysis will be beneficial for the open-minded reader.

Kidneys --- Diseases. --- Kidney diseases --- Nephritis --- Nephropathy --- Renal diseases --- Medicine --- Pathology --- Nephrology --- Health Sciences