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Christian literature, Early.

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Les pages qu'on va lire sont, pour partie, la réalisation d'une promesse faite au chevet d'un défunt. Il faut voir en elles d'abord un hommage rendu à la mémoire du regretté René Henry. Le projet initial était un ouvrage de synthèse sur la composition de la Bibliothèque : c'est dans ce sens que j'étudiai la somme de Photios pendant deux ans, tout en compilant un index complet que réclame un peu partout la communauté érudite. Mais un vers de La Fontaine ne tarda pas à ramener mes ambitions à des dimensions plus modestes. Malgré d'importantes publications récentes, l'entreprise était prématurée, pour un ensemble de raisons qui tiennent à l'extrême richesse de ce vastecorpus de comptes rendus et d'extraits. Il est peu de chercheurs, hellénistes patentés ou petits étudiants, qui, au coin d'une page, n'aient eu à citer tel ou tel passage de la Bibliothèque. En dépit d'une importante littérature sur le sujet, on a tôt fait de s'assurer que la compilation de Photios est plus fréquemment pillée qu'étudiée dans les structures qui lui sont propres. Sans doute, l'ampleur, la variété et l'opulence de cet ensemble de textes avaient-elles de quoi décourager l'amateur même hardi. Dès le début, mes investigations me conduisirent à la certitude que les thèses qui ont cours sur l'origine des notes bio-bibliographiques de la Bibliothèque péchaient par plusieurs vices. Dans la suite, j'expliquerai en quoi la solution de cette question importe au plus haut point à qui veut gagner une compréhension correcte de la nature de l'ouvrage. J'aurai à faire table rase de nombre d'idées reçues et à reprendre toute la questionab ovo. Ainsi se justifie la présence des éléments composant le titre : Photios historien des lettres. La Bibliothèque et ses notices biographiques. D'autre part, il fallait dire un mot au préalable de ce que l'on sait aujourd'hui des modes d'élaboration de l'historiographie littéraire antique jusqu'à Photios. Ce rappel n'a aucune prétention ni à la nouveauté ni à l'exhaustivité. Avant l'examen des problèmes généraux relatifs à la Bibliothèque, le premier chapitre abordera donc des questions relevant davantage d'un cours d'encyclopédie que d'une étude nouvelle. Les suivants traiteront de problèmes touchant la Bibliothèque, son auteur et la structure de l'œuvre. Pour éviter les déséquilibres, j'ai dû multiplier les subdivisions de cette première partie.

Christian literature, Early.

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This is the first English translation of the last two theological works of Eusebius of Caesarea, Against Marcellus and On Ecclesiastical Theology. The first text was composed after the deposition of Marcellus of Ancyra in 336 to justify the action of the council fathers in ordering the deposition on the grounds of heresy, contending that Marcellus was "Sabellian" (or modalist) on the Trinity and a follower of Paul of Samosata (hence adoptionist) in Christology. Relying heavily upon extensive quotations from a treatise Marcellus wrote against Asterius the Sophist, this text provides important information about ecclesiastical politics in the period before and just after the Council of Nicea, and endeavors to demonstrate Marcellus's erroneous interpretation of several key biblical passages that had been under discussion since before the council. In doing so, Eusebius criticizes Marcellus's inadequate account of the distinction between the persons of the Trinity, eschatology, and the Church's teaching about the divine and human identities of Christ. On Ecclesiastical Theology, composed circa 338/339 just before Eusebius's death, and perhaps in response to the amnesty for deposed bishops enacted by Constantius after the death of Constantine in 377 and the possibility of Marcellus's return to his see, continues to lay out the criticisms initially put forward in Against Marcellus, again utilizing quotations from Marcellus's book against Asterius. However, we see in this text a much more systematic explanation of Eusebius's objections to the various elements of Marcellus's theology and what he sees as the proper orthodox articulation of those elements. Long overlooked for statements at odds with later orthodoxy, even written off as heretical because allegedly "semi-Arian," recent scholarship has demonstrated the tremendous influence these texts had on the Greek theological tradition in the fourth century, especially on the orthodox understanding of the Trinity. In addition to their influence, they are some of the few complete texts that we have from Greek theologians in the immediate period following the Council of Nicea in 325, thus filling a gap in the materials available for research and teaching in this critical phase of theological development.

Christian literature, Early. --- Apologetics --- Church --- Marcellus,

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This selection of essays with autobiographical introduction aims to demonstrate the value of working with the original manuscripts in detail in order to gain a more profound understanding of the many facets of Early Christianity, in particular the texts and background of the New Testament. This book should persuade other scholars to once again take a look at the original manuscripts, whether it be a textual witness to the New Testament, some apocryphal text, a reference to early Christian life, or even a specific socio-historical feature of the life of the common people in the days of early Christianity. The specific selection of essays has been chosen with this purpose in mind, presenting editions of papyri and first-hand information, and showing how to base even complex constructs of ideas on a studious treatment of manuscripts. The essays demonstrate the value of studying manuscripts for lexicography, painting a picture of a socio-historical background, and showing how to assess and evaluate data methodologically.

Christian literature, Early --- Christianity --- Manuscripts. --- Origin. --- Bible.

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Philosophy --- Theology --- Christian literature, Early. --- Early Christian literature --- Patristic literature