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Rechtliche Beurteilung von Mikrotransaktionen und Lootboxen
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Göttingen : Universitätsverlag Göttingen,

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The purchase of additional items in videogames, also called 'Microtransactions', has recently grown to become one of the dominating methods of monetization in the games industry. However, many versions of these monetization schemes face severe backlash because it appears that the ways to monetize games are increasingly influencing the contents of the medium and that those games are purposefully designed to bring vulnerable players to spend more money than they meant to. In this thesis, those points of criticism were taken into consideration and as a starting point to explore the legality of these kinds of monetization schemes from a legal standpoint. This was done with regards to the Unfair Competition Law, Youth Protection regulation and general civil law. Also, the chance-based variant of microtransactions, the so called 'Lootboxes', have been examined with regard to their legality under gambling regulations.


Book
Schmerzengeld für Schock- und Trauerschäden : rechtsvergleichende Analyse des Angehörigenbegriffes und der Mitverschuldensanrechnung
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Year: 2009 Publisher: Wien : Böhlau,

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Ad 3 + 4 Im gemeinen Recht und im Strassenverkehrsrecht trifft man zwar zum Teil auf eine unterschiedliche rechtliche Natur der Schmerzengeldansprüche, das Ergebnis unterscheidet sich aber nicht wesentlich: in allen Fällen gelangt man zur Anrechnung des Mitverschuldens des Erstgeschädigten. Soweit ein abgeleiteter Anspruch vorliegt, stellt die Anrechnung des Mitverschuldens des Erstgeschädigten eine Selbstverständlichkeit dar. Bei selbstständigen Ansprüchen muss hingegen erst eine überzeugende Begründung gefunden werden, um die gleichzeitige Unabhängigkeit und Abhängigkeit des Schmerzengeld-Anspruches "naher Angehöriger" miteinander in Einklang zu bringen. Völlig zutreffend ist auch von einer gemischten Natur der Schmerzengeldansprüche "naher Angehöriger" die Rede. Es handelt sich dabei um selbstständige Ansprüche. Gleichzeitig sind Schock- und Trauerschäden aber durch die Einheit des schädigenden Ereignisses mit dem Erstschaden verbunden. Die intensive Gefühlsgemeinschaft zwischen "nahen Angehörigen" verbietet wechselseitige Schmerzengeldklagen, solange sie die Grundlage dafür bildet. Auf den ersten Blick weisen die von der Rechtsprechung gewählten Begründungen in den zu untersuchenden Rechtsordnungen durchaus Unterschiede auf: während in England, Deutschland und Österreich die "Angehörigeneigenschaft" als Grund und Grenze des Schmerzengeldanspruches im Vordergrund steht, wird in Frankreich die Einheit des schädigenden Ereignisses und in der Schweiz die Würdigung der besonderen Umstände des Falles als Begründung genannt. Der genauere Blick offenbart jedoch, dass auch die zunächst unterschiedlich scheinenden Begründungen nur gemeinsam Sinn machen: so könnte auch der Kassationshof über die Einheit des schädigenden Ereignisses keine Anrechnung vornehmen, wenn er die Solidarhaftung des Schädigers und des Erstgeschädigten (und insbesondere die Sorgfaltspflicht des Erstgeschädigten gegenüber seinen "nahen Angehörigen") nicht grundsätzlich ablehnen würde; auch in der Schweiz ist danach zu fragen, warum der Gesetzgeber eigentlich davon ausgeht, dass ein Schmerzengeld unter der Würdigung der besonderen Umstände zuzusprechen ist. Obwohl letztendlich die gewisse Abhängigkeit des Schmerzengeldanspruches (die Einheit des schädigenden Ereignisses oder auch die besondere Natur des Reflexschadens) und die Würdigung der Umstände des Einzelfalles dazu führen, dass das Mitverschulden des Erstgeschädigten bei der Schmerzengeldbemessung für seine "nahen Angehörigen" zu berücksichtigen ist, hat die Anrechnung des Mitverschuldens des Erst-Geschädigten in allen zu untersuchenden Rechtsordnungen als auch nach den Grundsätzen des europäischen Schadenersatzrechts immer dieselbe Wurzel: nämlich die "Angehörigeneigenschaft" bzw. die familiäre Solidarität zwischen "nahen Angehörigen". Um unerwünschte Ergebnisse und eine Verkomplizierung der Rechtslage zu vermeiden, ist das Mitverschulden des Erstgeschädigten zu berücksichtigen, wenn seine "nahen Angehörigen" ein Schmerzengeld für ihren Schock- oder Trauerschaden geltend machen.


Book
The law of compulsory purchase and compensation
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ISBN: 1849468419 1849467528 9781849467520 1322342938 9781322342931 9781782254058 1782254056 9781849468411 1849464480 9781849464482 9781849464482 Year: 2014 Publisher: Oxford, United Kingdom

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This book is a statement of the current law of compulsory purchase of land and compensation for that purchase. It covers all major aspects of the procedure for the compulsory acquisition of land and deals in full detail with all aspects of the law of compensation for such an acquisition. The many and diverse statutory provisions are organised into a series of chapters containing all principles and rules and there is a full analysis and explanation of the leading authorities on the subject and the principles derived from those authorities without which the subject cannot be understood. The aim of the book is, not only to explain the statutory provisions and to organise the various possible claims for compensation into different heads, but also to explain and analyse the substantial body of case law which has built up, particularly in recent years, and the relationship between that body of law and the underlying statutory provisions. The book also attempts to explain the purpose of the statutory provisions and the reason for the rules that are derived from the authorities. Chapters of the book are devoted to the procedure for formulating and pursuing a claim for compensation and to the valuation principles which must be applied in advancing claims. An Appendix is provided by Mr Nicholas Eden FRICS, a leading valuer in the field, which contains examples of different types of compensation valuation with annotations as to how the valuations are prepared and built up. A further aim of the book is to provide, where possible, practical advice to public authorities and landowners involved in the process of compulsory purchase and compensation as well as to explain the legal principles


Book
Compensatory Justice
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ISBN: 9780814714539 0814714536 0814790143 9780814790144 Year: 1991 Volume: 33 Publisher: New York, NY

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This Major Reference series brings together a wide range of key international articles in law and legal theory. Many of these essays are not readily accessible, and their presentation in these volumes will provide a vital new resource for both research and teaching. Each volume is edited by leading international authorities who explain the significance and context of articles in an informative and complete introduction.


Book
Frequency dictionary of Old English prose for learners of Old English and historical linguists
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ISBN: 8382209009 8382208991 Year: 2022 Publisher: Łódź : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego,

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A Frequency Dictionary of Old English Prose is a list of Old English words arranged according to their frequency, covering the whole York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (Taylor et al. 2003), i.e. an electronic collection of all prose texts written in Old English. Thus, if you want to get a quick insight into a prose text written in Old English, you should start your study with the first entries. The dictionary includes all the words which occur at least 25 times in the corpus (over 2,700 entries altogether). Each lexical item is accompanied by its part of speech classification, translation into Modem English, an authentic example from the corpus (carefully handpicked to include the most basic words and thus be understandable even to beginners), the absolute frequency of the word in the corpus and the number of texts where it appears at least once.*The dictionary will prove an invaluable aid to learners of Old English. In addition to the basic list of lemmas in order of frequency, it highlights the distribution of lemmas within a number of exemplar texts, demonstrating in a striking way the value of learning lemmas in order of frequency. The frequency list is also interspersed with useful tables listing the most frequent lemmas within the major grammatical categories (pronouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.), but also quite a number of semantic categories, such as animals, body parts, temporal expressions, etc., which could potentially reveal insights into the Anglo-Saxon world. While primarily aimed at learners, the dictionary, particularly in conjunction with the online morphological and collocation dictionaries produced by the same team (http://varioe.pelcra.pl), will add to the growing number of excellent resources now available to support research by scholars of Old English prose.Ann Taylor, co-creator of the YCOE corpus, University of York (UK)A Frequency Dictionary of Old English Prose and its online sister tools, the morphological dictionary and the collocation dictionary, are much welcome resources for research and teaching. The frequency dictionary is a very useful guide for students of Old English who want to increase their vocabulary in a targeted way, and it provides an excellent overview of the Old English lexicon in general. Students can also have fun writing papers and theses on the basis of the resources, for example by identifying items of interest in the frequency dictionary and then searching for patterns in the collocation dictionary. The dictionary may also serve as an inspiration and a time-saving point of departure for research projects. It is very encouraging for the field that new resources are being created ta serve the community of Old English scholars.Kristin Bech, professor of English linguistics, University of Oslo (Norway).


Book
Damages and compensation culture : comparative perspectives
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 1782257918 150990204X Year: 2016 Publisher: Oxford ; Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing,

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The focus of the essays in this book is on the relationship between compensation culture, social values and tort damages for personal injuries. A central concern of the public and political perception of personal injuries claims is the high cost of tort claims to society, reflected in insurance premiums, often accompanied by an assumption that tort law and practice is flawed and improperly raising such costs. The aims of this collection are to first clarify the relationship between tort damages for personal injuries and the social values that the law seeks to reflect and to balance, then to critically assess tort reforms, including both proposals for reform and actual implemented reforms, in light of how they advance or hinder those values. Reforms of substantive and procedural law in respect of personal injury damages are analysed, with perspectives from England and Wales, Canada, Australia, Ireland and continental Europe. The essays offer valuable insights to anyone interested in the reform of tort law or the tort process in respect of personal injuries

Shifts in compensation for environmental damage
Authors: --- ---
ISSN: 16168623 ISBN: 1281137995 9786611137991 3211715525 3211715517 Year: 2007 Volume: v. 21 Publisher: Wien ; New York : Springer,

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This volume examines the shifts in the compensation of environmental damage between private and public systems. Recent developments at both the European and international level are presented with a particular focus on the shifts relating to the compensation of oil pollution, damage arising as a result of nuclear accidents and soil pollution in particular legal systems (Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and the U.S.A.). Attention is also paid to shifts between various levels of government as far as compensation for environmental damage is concerned. The authors discuss the nature of the particu

Compensation for personal injury in English, German and Italian law
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ISBN: 0521846137 0521293782 1107140994 0511171730 0511109938 0511298846 0511493886 1280416033 0511197535 0511109628 9780521846134 9780511109935 9780511493881 9781280416033 9780511109621 9780521293785 Year: 2005 Publisher: Cambridge, UK New York, NY Cambridge University Press

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Cross-border claims for personal injuries are becoming more common. Furthermore, European nationals increasingly join class actions in the USA. These tendencies have created a need to know more about the law of damages in Europe and America. Despite the growing importance of this subject, there is a dearth of material available to practitioners to assist them in advising their clients as to the heads of damage recoverable in other countries. This book aims to fill that gap by looking at the law in England, Germany and Italy. It sets out the raw data in the wider context of tort law, then provides a closer synthesis, largely concerned with methodological issues, and draws some comparative conclusions.


Book
Dispossession and access to land in South Africa
Author:
ISBN: 1283198045 9786613198044 9956715751 9956715875 9956615013 9789956715879 9956558761 9789956558766 9789956615018 9956558761 9789956558766 9789956615018 Year: 2009 Publisher: Mankon, Bamenda [East Lansing, Mich.] Langaa Research & Pub. CIG Distributed in N. America by Michigan State University Press

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This book deals with the conceptualization of access to land by the dispossessed in South Africa as a human right. Yanou examines the country's property model in the context of the post apartheid constitutional mandate to redress the skewed land distribution of the past. The book reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the land restitution process as well as the question of the payment of just and equitable compensation for land expropriated for restitution. It also reviews the phenomenon of land invasion and quality of access to land enjoyed by the South African black woman under the present


Book
Beyond expropriation without compensation : law, land reform and redistributive justice in South Africa
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9781009380829 1009380826 100938080X 9781009380775 9781009380799 Year: 2024 Publisher: Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press,

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Speeding up land reform through a constitutional amendment that would explicitly permit the expropriation of land without compensation has dominated legal and political-policy debates in South Africa in recent years. Taking this politically and emotionally charged issue as its starting point, this volume offers both expert commentary on this issue from a variety of disciplinary perspectives and also fresh ideas on how to advance the redistributive transformation that South Africa so urgently needs. It brings critically important debates around transformative property law, the need for diversified land justice and the possibilities of alternative forms of redistribution into productive conversation with each other. While grounded in the complex realities of South Africa's past and present, the volume speaks to concerns that resonate in many contexts in the Global South and beyond. It will appeal to scholars, students, policymakers and general readers concerned with both the theory and practice of redistributive justice. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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