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What's in a name? As Osumaka Likaka argues in this illuminating study, the names that Congolese villagers gave to European colonizers reveal much about how Africans experienced and reacted to colonialism. The arrival of explorers, missionaries, administrators, and company agents allowed Africans to observe Westerners' physical appearances, behavior, and cultural practices at close range--often resulting in subtle yet trenchant critiques. By naming Europeans, Africans turned a universal practice into a local mnemonic system, recording and preserving the village's understanding of colonialism in the form of pithy verbal expressions that were easy to remember and transmit across localities, regions, and generations.

Kongo language --- Nicknames --- Kongo (Langue) --- Sobriquets --- Epithets. --- History. --- Epithètes --- Histoire --- Congo (Brazzaville) --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Colonization. --- Colonisation --- History & Archaeology --- Regions & Countries - Africa --- Epithets --- History --- Congo (Kinshasa) --- 967.5.03 --- 967.5.03 Geschiedenis van Zaïre (Kongo): Koloniale periode; Belgisch Kongo--(1884-1960) --- Geschiedenis van Zaïre (Kongo): Koloniale periode; Belgisch Kongo--(1884-1960) --- Congo belge --- --Congo Brazzaville --- --Épithète --- --Surnom --- --Histoire --- --Mémoire collective --- --Epithets --- Colonization --- Epithètes --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Soubriquets --- Congo language --- Fiote language --- Kikongo language --- Congo (Leopoldville) --- République du Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of Congo (Leopoldville) --- République démocratique du Congo --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- Kongo --- RDC (République démocratique du Congo) --- DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) --- DRK (Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo) --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- DR Congo --- RD Congo --- République populaire du Congo --- Kongo (Brazzaville) --- République du Congo (Brazzaville) --- Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) --- Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) --- Congo (People's Republic) --- Ludowa Republika Konga --- Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- R.P.C. (République populaire du Congo) --- RPC --- People's Republic of the Congo --- Congo Republic (Brazzaville) --- Names, Personal --- Bantu languages --- Belgian Congo --- Zaire --- Middle Congo --- Repubilika ya Kôngo --- Republíki ya Kongó --- West Congo --- ROC (Republic of Congo) --- Congo DR --- R.D. Congo --- History of Africa --- History of Congo --- anno 1800-1999 --- Congo-Brazzaville --- Kongo language - Epithets --- Nicknames - Congo (Brazzaville) - History --- Nicknames - Congo (Kinshasa) - History --- Épithète --- Surnom --- Mémoire collective --- Congo Brazzaville --- Congo (Brazzaville) - Colonization --- Congo (Kinshasa) - Colonization