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Many macro and micro species, from terrestrial and aquatic environments, produce structurally unique compounds and, in many countries, still are the primary sources of medicines. In fact, secondary metabolites are an important source of chemotherapeutic agents but are also lead compounds for synthetic modification and the optimization of biological activity. Therefore, the exploitation of secondary metabolites, or their inspired synthetic compounds, offers excellent opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry. This Medicines Special Issue focuses on the great potential of secondary metabolites for therapeutic application. The Special Issue contains 16 articles reporting relevant experimental results, and an overview of bioactive secondary metabolites, their biological effects, and new methodologies that improve and accelerate the process of obtained lead compounds with regard to new drug development. We would like to thank all 83 authors, from all over the world, for their valuable contributions to this Special Issue.

antitumor --- triterpenoids --- seaweeds --- diterpenes --- Boswellia --- antioxidant activity --- antiplasmodial --- Maytenus chiapensis --- phenolic derivatives --- secondary metabolites --- medicinal applications --- Malus x domestica --- pectin --- cytotoxic activity --- xanthine oxidase --- phytochemistry --- antioxidant --- Scabiosa --- sugars --- sargaquinoic acid --- pentacyclic triterpenoids --- analysis --- antimicrobial and anticancer activity --- iridoids --- Tuscany --- GC-MS --- (-)-rabdosiin --- kratom --- plant defense --- cembranoids --- tingenone --- deoxypodophyllotoxin --- anticancer --- pristimerin --- inflammation --- boswellic acids --- plants --- anti-inflammatory --- legalization --- Mitragyna speciosa --- Ocimum sanctum --- cordycepin --- cytotoxic --- medicine --- Artemisia species --- antimicrobial activity --- lignans --- Artemisia vachanica --- Cordyceps militaris --- frankincense --- ancient varieties --- sargahydroquinoic acid --- Tajikistan --- antiSMASH --- ABTS --- polyphenols --- therapeutics --- infectious diseases --- antibacterial --- nutraceutics --- total phenolics --- LC-MS/MS --- innate immunity --- HPLC-PAD --- sarganaphthoquinoic acid --- biosynthetic gene clusters --- DPPH --- EGCG --- cneorubenoids --- PPAR-? --- bowel diseases --- amentoflavone --- molecular docking --- sargachromenoic acid --- cannabinoids --- flavonoids --- essential oils --- TCM --- HPLC-PDA --- ascorbic acid --- antioxidants --- Lamiaceae --- nanoemulsion --- malaria --- therapeutic uses --- quinonemethide triterpenoids --- artemisinin --- natural products --- biological activities --- FRAP --- toxicology --- defensins --- Celastraceae --- cannabis --- vector control --- Juniperus --- analytical determination

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This Special Issue of Nutrients on "Nutraceutical, Nutrition Supplements, and Human Health" provides readers with contemporary knowledge on the role of functional foods, dietary supplements, and nutraceuticals in improving overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Various renowned international scientists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals have contributed to this compendium of excellent laboratory and clinical studies. The manuscripts provide evidence-based knowledge of nutritional compounds/functional food to improve many health conditions, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, muscle metabolism, obesity, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, aging, and cancer. All contributions were thoroughly peer-reviewed by a distinguished panel of scientists, and only highly ranked manuscripts were included to ensure the quality of contents. This book is an excellent resource for academic personnel and students in nutrition research, dietitians, physicians, and consumers.

Lactobacillus salivarius --- otitis --- probiotic --- bacteriocin --- prevention --- Morus nigra L. --- black mulberry --- nutraceutical --- pharmacological properties --- coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) --- bioavailability --- intestinal absorption --- neuroprotection --- fenugreek --- protein hydrolysate --- antiproliferative --- apoptosis --- antioxidant --- Caco2 cells --- catechins --- green tea extract --- herbal dietary supplements --- hepatotoxicity --- microbiome --- Streptococcus agalactiae --- GBS --- pregnancy --- cachexia --- plum --- cancer --- muscle wasting --- myoblasts --- protein synthesis --- graviola --- weight loss --- obesity --- blood glucose --- food composition --- metabolic syndrome --- natural products --- Carica papaya --- Bifidobacterium breve M-16V --- infant health --- clinical efficacy --- probiotics --- gut microbiota --- Autism spectrum disorder --- dietary supplements --- pediatric --- physician communication --- frankincense --- Boswellia --- boswellic acid --- lupeolic acid --- AKBA --- cytokine --- breast cancer --- pentacyclic triterpenic acid --- triterpenoid --- chorioallantoic membrane assay --- Platycodon grandiflorus root --- BMI --- body fat mass --- abdominal fat area --- wild rice --- metabolomics --- atherosclerosis --- LDL-r-KO mice --- cytokines --- 16S rDNA --- plasma --- feces --- proteins --- carbohydrates --- functional food --- curcumin --- formulated curcumin --- pharmacokinetics --- aurora kinase A --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- Dietary Supplement Label Database --- food description --- food classification --- FoodEx2 --- quelites --- supplementation --- arsenic --- vitamin K --- diet supplement --- age-related diseases --- vitamin K-dependent proteins --- pathological calcification --- inflammation --- skeletal muscles --- Bifidobacterium breve B-3 --- muscle mass --- mitochondria --- n/a