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Hindu astronomy --- Jñānarāja,

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The Jewel of Annual Astrology is an encyclopaedic treatise on Tājika or Sanskritized Perso-Arabic astrology, dealing particularly with the casting and interpretation of anniversary horoscopes. Authored in 1649 CE by Balabhadra Daivajña, court astrologer to Shāh Shujāʿ – governor of Bengal and second son of the Mughal emperor Shāh Jahān – it casts light on the historical development of the Tājika school by extensive quotations from earlier works spanning five centuries. With this first-ever scholarly edition and translation of a Tājika text, Martin Gansten makes a significant contribution not only to the study of an important but little known knowledge tradition, but also to the intellectual historiography of Asia and the transmission of horoscopic astrology in the medieval and early modern periods.

Intellectuals --- Historiography. --- Intelligentsia --- Persons --- Social classes --- Specialists --- Fortune-telling & divination --- Hindu astrology. --- Hindu astronomy.

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In the 5th century the Indian mathematician Aryabhata (476-499) wrote a small but famous work on astronomy, the Aryabhatiya. This treatise, written in 118 verses, gives in its second chapter a summary of Hindu mathematics up to that time. Two hundred years later, an Indian astronomer called Bhaskara glossed this mathematial chapter of the Aryabhatiya. An english translation of Bhaskara’s commentary and a mathematical supplement are presented in two volumes. Subjects treated in Bhaskara’s commentary range from computing the volume of an equilateral tetrahedron to the interest on a loaned capital, from computations on series to an elaborate process to solve a Diophantine equation. This volume contains explanations for each verse commentary translated in Volume 1. These supplements discuss the linguistic and mathematical matters exposed by the commentator. Particularly helpful for readers are an appendix on Indian astronomy, elaborate glossaries, and an extensive bibliography.

Aryabhata. --- Hindu astronomy. --- Mathematics, Hindu. --- History - General --- Mathematics - General --- Mathematics --- History & Archaeology --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Hindu astronomy --- Hindu mathematics --- Āryabhaṭa, --- Mathematics, Hindu --- History. --- Mathematics. --- Astronomy. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- History of Science. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Math --- Science

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Karaṇapaddhati of Putumana Somayājī is an important text of the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics, probably composed in the 16th century. In the Indian astronomical tradition, the karaṇa texts are essentially computational manuals and they often display a high level of ingenuity in coming up with simplified algorithms for computing planetary longitudes and other related quantities. Karaṇapaddhati, however, is not a karaṇa text. Rather, it discusses the paddhati or the rationale for arriving at suitable algorithms that are needed while preparing a karaṇa text for a given epoch. Thus the work is addressed not to the almanac maker but to the manual maker. Karaṇapaddhati presents the theoretical basis for the vākya system, where the true longitudes of the planet are calculated directly by making use of certain auxiliary notions such as the khaṇḍa, maṇḍala and dhruva along with tabulated values of changes in the true longitude over certain regular intervals which are expressed in the form vākyas or mnemonic phrases. The text also discusses the method of vallyupasaṃhāra which is essentially a technique of continued fraction expansion for obtaining optimal approximations to the rates of motion of planets and their anomalies, involving ratios of smaller numbers. It also presents a new fast convergent series for π which is not mentioned in the earlier works of the Kerala School. As this is a unique text presenting the rationale behind the vākya system and the computational procedures used in the karaṇa texts, it would serve as a useful companion for all those interested in the history of astronomy. The authors have provided a translation of the text followed by detailed notes which explain all the computational procedures, along with their rationale, by means of diagrams and equations.

Hindu astronomy. --- Mathematics. --- History. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Observations. --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Science --- Astronomy, Hindu --- Astronomy—Observations.

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This book presents the basic fundamentals of descriptive archaeoastronomy and its application to the astronomical descriptions found in ancient Indian scriptures. Archaeoastronomy is a branch of positional astronomy that helps to determine the epochs of ancient astronomical alignments and special astronomical events. In this book, only the descriptions of special stellar alignments and events found in ancient texts can identify the antiquity of the descriptions. India possesses a large volume of ancient scriptures like Vedas and Puranas which contain many astronomical descriptions as in ancient India positional astronomy was well developed. The antiquities of these texts are determined through archaeoastronomical techniques. Major events like Mahabharata War are dated and using these dates a chronology of ancient India is determined. The astronomically determined chronology is compared with the results from various archaeological, palaeoclimatological, geological and genealogical investigations of ancient India. This introductory book interests readers interested in unveiling the mystery involved with the protohistory of this ancient civilization.

Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- History. --- Historiography. --- Cosmology. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- History of Science. --- Historiography and Method. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Historical criticism --- History --- Authorship --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Criticism --- Historiography --- Archaeoastronomy --- Hindu astronomy. --- History of science. --- Astronomy, Hindu --- Archeoastronomy --- Astroarchaeology --- Astronomy, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric astronomy