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This excellent introduction to Greek Philosophy has been specially formatted for today's e-readers. Containing chapters including those on Plato, Socrates and schools such as The Atomists and The Sophists, this book will appeal to students of philosophy and anyone interested in the basis of Western thinking. Written by philosophical history expert John Marshall, this is a must-have for any digital bookshelf.
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Arete is a central yet elusive concept in ancient Greek culture. Traditionally associated with the strength and skill of heroes, warriors and athletes, arete evolved over the course of ancient Greek history to become a primary focus of ethical and political reflection and debate. For ancient Greek philosophy, arete (traditionally translated as "virtue") was the essential object of human admiration and striving, and even the key to happiness. Despite this shared conception, deep disagreements persisted among ancient thinkers about what exactly arete is, who has it, and why it is so valuable. A companion volume, Ageless Arete, provides a broad overview of the diverse roles played by arete in ancient Greece and Rome. The present volume, Arete in Plato and Aristotle, offers a focused exploration of perhaps the two most innovative and influential contributors to ancient philosophical debates about arete. Plato and Aristotle took the concept of arete as the starting point for investigations of the human soul, the good life, the nature of knowledge, the goals of education, and the role of politics and culture in nurturing human excellence. Their work continues to inspire reflection on these fundamental questions today, as the fourteen new essays collected here demonstrate.
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Arete is a crucial concept in ancient Greek culture that defies simple translation. In general, it indicates excellence-especially of human beings, but also of animals, institutions, even objects. It is linked to important concepts such as glory, justice, truth and harmony. It influences important activities such as religion, athletics, politics, and education. This collection demonstrates the length and breadth of arete's importance in ancient Greek and Roman culture, from its prehistorical etymological roots to its mystification in pre-Christian theology and even its manifestation in the career of a modern archaeologist. Leaving aside Plato and Aristotle, to whom a companion volume has been dedicated, these essays explore arete in Presocratic philosophy, classical oratory, epinician poetry, tragic drama, ancient Sicilian history, Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Neoplatonic thought. To many, arete was inherited by blood from the Homeric heroes, a birthright of social elites used to reinforce traditional hierarchies in the classical polis. To others, arete was an achievement distinct from social advantage but expected to advantage society. To understand arete philosophically, we must explore its wider cultural function-and vice versa. Arete is an enduring-even ageless-concept that, properly understood, may benefit humanity even today.
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For someone whose influence has been so profound on Western thinking remarkably little is known of the Greek philosopher and thinker Plato. Due to the means and social status of his family Plato was most probably educated by some of Athens' finest teachers. The curriculum would have been rich and varied and include the doctrines of Cratylus and Pythagoras as well as Parmenides. Two major events shaped Plato's life whilst he was a young man. The first was a meeting with the great philosopher Socrates. Socrates's methods of debate impressed Plato and he soon became a devoted follower. From here would flow Plato's career as one of the finest minds civilization has produced. Major event number two was the on-going rivalry between Athens and Sparta which erupted into the Peloponnesian War. This was, in fact, several 'stop-start' wars fought during the period 431-404 BCE. Plato served in the cause of Athens and its Allies between 409 and 404 B.C.E. The comprehensive defeat of Athens by Sparta ended the Athenian democracy, although after a brief oligarchy it was restored. Plato traveled for a dozen years throughout the Mediterranean, studying mathematics with the Pythagoreans in Italy, as well as geometry, geology, astronomy and religion in Egypt. It was during this time that Plato began his writings, a remarkable number of which survive to this day. The writings themselves are usually classified into three distinct periods although there is some uncertainty as to the exact order in which they were written. Having now returned to Athens Plato embarked upon an extraordinary undertaking. In around 385 B.C.E., he established a school of learning, known as the Academy. The extensive curriculum included astronomy, biology, mathematics, political theory and philosophy. Plato hoped that those who studied there would be future leaders who would be better equipped thorough its teachings to understand how to build a better government. Plato would preside over its teachings until his death in Athens around 348 B.C.E.
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This collection of articles is an important milestone in the history of the study of time conceptions in Greek and Roman Antiquity. It spans from Homer to Neoplatonism. Conceptions of time are considered from different points of view and sources. Reflections on time were both central and various throughout the history of ancient philosophy. Time was a topic, but also material for poets, historians and doctors. Importantly, the contributions also explore implicit conceptions and how language influences our thought categories.
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In Horos, Thea Potter explores the complex relationship between classical philosophy and the 'horos', a stone that Athenians erected to mark the boundaries of their marketplace, their gravestones, their roads and their private property. Potter weaves this history into a meditation on the ancient philosophical concept of horos, the foundational project of determination and definition, arguing that it is central to the development of classical philosophy and the marketplace.
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This volume contains a critical edition, with an English translation and notes, of 20 chapters of the Semeioseis gnomikai ("Sententious notes") of the Byzantine statesman Theodore Metochites (1270-1332). The introduction gives an extensive, partly new, description and assessment of the manuscripts as physical objects and in their relationship to each other. The manuscripts discussed, and used in the edition, are the Par. gr. 2003 (P) and Marc. gr. 532 (M), both of the fourteenth century, and, wherever M is illegible, the Scor. gr. 248 (E), a sixteenth-century copy of M. In the edition, the reading of P (including the corrections by the main copyist, Michael Klostomalles, as well as a manus secunda) is generally adopted as the authoritative text. The volume concludes with a bibliography, an index of passages, and an index of names. The discussion in the essays touches upon several subjects, more or less related to each other. Among these are the ignorance of man and the difficulty to know anything, and the moral side of seeking an active life as opposed to "living hidden".
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'What is the criterion of truth?', asks Christos Yannaras in The Effable and The Ineffable: The Linguistic Boundaries of Metaphysical Realism. Christos Yannaras is a Greek philosopher, Eastern Orthodox theologian and author of more than fifty books which have been translated into many languages. He is a professor emeritus of philosophy at the Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens. Of The Effable and The Ineffable, Archbishop Rowan Williams says: 'Christos Yannaras is one of the most original and revolutionary thinkers of modern Europe, and in this arresting, demanding book he sets out his vision of how a post-truth society might rediscover the reality of shared meaning and the hope of authentic life. Bringing the Greek Fathers into dialogue with the foremost thinkers of modernity, he gives us a comprehensive picture of what "logos" really means and why it matters.' Rowan Williams The Effable and The Ineffable: The Linguistic Boundaries of Metaphysical Realism is a title in the Winchester Modern Orthodox Dialogues. Modern Orthodox Dialogues examine the theological and cultural conversations currently taking place within the Orthodox Christian world. Modern Orthodox Dialogues also examine conversations between Orthodox Christianity and Western Christianity. The series aims to facilitate additional conversations and avenues of communication between the East and the West. For this reason, the series presents and highlights established Orthodox Christian thinkers whose thought is not known in the West. Winchester Modern Orthodox Dialogues promote new approaches and new voices to contribute to continuing conversations within Christianity. The Dialogues are edited by Andreas Andreopoulos.
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