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Spectrum analysis --- Spectrum Analysis

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The most efficient process to reduce NOx emissions from lean exhaust gases, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia, has undergone tremendous development over the past decades. Originally only applied in stationary power plants and industrial installations, SCR systems are now installed in millions of mobile diesel engines, ranging from off-road machineries, to heavy-duty and light-duty trucks and passenger cars, to locomotives and ships. All of these applications involve specific challenges due to tighter emission limits, new internal combustion engine technologies, or alternative fuels. Three review articles and 14 research articles in this book describe recent results and research trends of various aspects of the SCR process. Reaction engineering aspects, such as the proper dosage of ammonia or urea, respectively, are as important as further developments of the different SCR catalysts, by deepening the understanding of their functionality or by systematic improvements of their properties, such as low-temperature activity, selectivity, or poisoning-resistance. Another covered aspect is cost reduction through the use of cheaper base materials for the production is active and stable SCR catalysts. Finally, research efforts are reported to develop SCR processes with different reducing agents, which would open doors to new applications in the future. The range of topics addressed in this book will stimulate the reader's interest as well as provide a valuable source of information for researchers in academia and industry.

Spectrum analysis.

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Experimental studies carried out by a spectroscopic approach, and the techniques used for investigating the acquired information, can be given a robust modern analytical framework in the design of new materials, and for emphasis on the expansion of physical foundations of new materials. Emerging Trends in Advanced Spectroscopy may help to understand the applications of spectroscopic tools in material characterization. The text also shows how different spectroscopic methods are used by researchers worldwide, and how we can correlate the experimental observations with structural information. Technical topics discussed in the book include: * Geometries, electronic structures and vibrational spectral studies * Advanced spectroscopic techniques in polymer chemistry * Spectroscopic portrayals of graphitic structures * fluorescent metal nanoclusters as sensory probes for metal ions * colorimetric chemo sensor * Nano mixed ferrites and their applications to nanoelectronics * Solid phase astrochemistry.

Spectrum analysis.

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L’analyse élémentaire a connu des développements instrumentaux majeurs depuis les années 70. C’est tout particulièrement le cas avec la spectrométrie d’émission atomique à source plasma (ICP-OES), commercialisée pour la première fois en 1974, et qui s’est rapidement imposée en se déployant très largement dans les laboratoires de caractérisation. Bien que l’ICP-OES soit devenue une technique d’analyse de routine, les exigences de la mesure imposent une maîtrise complète du processus opératoire et du système de management de la qualité associé. L’objectif de cet ouvrage est de guider l’analyste durant tout le processus de validation de sa mesure et de l’aider à garantir la maîtrise de ses principales étapes : gestion administrative et physique des échantillons au laboratoire ; préparation et traitement de ceux-ci avant mesure ; qualification et suivi de l’appareillage ; réglages instrumentaux et stratégie d’étalonnage ; exploitation des résultats en termes de justesse, fidélité, incertitude et exactitude (avec la détermination pratique du « profil d’exactitude »). Le guide s’appuie pour cela sur la terminologie la plus actuelle et sur de nombreux exemples et illustrations destinés à faciliter la compréhension et la constitution des dossiers de validation de méthode. Cet ouvrage collectif a été constitué dans le cadre des travaux de la Commission d’ÉTAblissement des Méthodes d’Analyses du Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives. Trente-huit spécialistes de l’ICP-OES, travaillant dans des laboratoires de recherches de grands organismes (AREVA, ARKEMA, CEA, C2RMF, EDF, EURODIF, IRSN) et d’Universités (Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), y ont contribué durant plus de dix ans.

Spectrum analysis.

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"To improve screening of containerized cargo for nuclear and radiological material that might be entering the United States, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is seeking to deploy new radiation detectors, called advanced spectroscopic portals (ASPs). The ASPs are intended to replace some or all of the current system of radiation portal monitors (called PVT RPMs) used in conjunction with handheld radioisotope identifiers (RIIDs) to detect and identify radioactive material in cargo. The U.S. Congress required the Secretary of Homeland Security to certify that ASPs will provide a 'significant increase in operational effectiveness' over continued use of the existing screening devices before DHS can proceed with full-scale procurement of ASPs for deployment. Congress also directed DHS to request this National Research Council study to advise the Secretary of Homeland Security about testing, analysis, costs, and benefits of the ASPs prior to the certification decision. This interim report is based on testing done before 2008; on plans for, observations of, and preliminary results from tests done in 2008; and on the agency's draft cost-benefit analysis as of October 2008. The book provides advice on how DHS' Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) can complete and make more rigorous its ASP evaluation for the Secretary and the nation."--Publisher's description.

Spectrum analysis.