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Microgrids : The Path to Sustainability
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Microgrids are a growing segment of the energy industry, representing a paradigm shift from centralized structures toward more localized, autonomous, dynamic, and bi-directional energy networks, especially in cities and communities. The ability to isolate from the larger grid makes microgrids resilient, while their capability of forming scalable energy clusters permits the delivery of services that make the grid more sustainable and competitive. Through an optimal design and management process, microgrids could also provide efficient, low-cost, clean energy and help to improve the operation and stability of regional energy systems. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development and gathers contributions on different aspects of microgrids in an aim to impart higher degrees of sustainability and resilience to energy systems.


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Advances in Water Distribution Networks
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Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The Special Issue on Advances in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) explores four important topics of research in the framework of WDNs, namely simulation and optimization modelling, topology and partitioning, water quality, and service effectiveness. With regard to the first topic, the following aspects are addressed: pressure-driven formulations, algorithms for the optimal location of control valves to minimize leakage, the benefits of water discharge prediction for the remote real time control of valves, and transients generated by pumps operating as turbines. In the context of the second topic, a topological taxonomy of WDNs is presented, and partitioning methods for the creation of district metered areas are compared. In relation to the third topic, the vulnerability to trihalomethane is assessed, and a statistical optimization model to minimize heavy metal releases is presented. Finally, the fourth topic focusses on the estimation of non-revenue water, including leakage and unauthorized consumption, and on the assessment of service under intermittent supply conditions.


Book
Application of Power Electronics Converters in Smart Grids and Renewable Energy Systems
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book focuses on the applications of Power Electronics Converters in smart grids and renewable energy systems. The topics covered include methods to CO2 emission control, schemes for electric vehicle charging, reliable renewable energy forecasting methods, and various power electronics converters. The converters include the quasi neutral point clamped inverter, MPPT algorithms, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the push–pull converter with a fuzzy logic controller.


Book
Distributed Energy Storage Devices in Smart Grids
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ISBN: 3039284355 3039284347 Year: 2020 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Energy storage systems have been recognized as viable solutions for implementing the smart grid paradigm, but have created challenges in terms of load levelling, integrating renewable and intermittent sources, voltage and frequency regulation, grid resiliency, improving power quality and reliability, reducing energy import during peak demand periods, and so on. In particular, distributed energy storage addresses a wide range of the above potential issues, and it is gaining attention from customers, utilities, and regulators. Distributed energy storage has considerable potential for reducing costs and improving the quality of electric services. However, installation costs and lifespan are the main drawbacks to the wide diffusion of this technology. In this context, a serious challenge is the adoption of new techniques and strategies for the optimal planning, control, and management of grids that include distributed energy storage devices. Regulatory guidance and proactive policies are urgently needed to ensure a smooth rollout of this technology. This book collects recent contributions of methodologies applied to the integration of distributed energy storage devices in smart power systems. Several areas of research (optimal siting and sizing of energy storage systems, adaption of energy storage systems to load leveling and harmonic compensation, integration for electric vehicles, and optimal control systems) are investigated in the contributions collected in this book.


Book
State-of-the-Art Renewable Energy in Korea
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ISBN: 3036553312 3036553320 Year: 2022 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Nowadays, renewable energy plays an important role in our daily lives. This Special Issue addresses the current trend in the use of renewable energy in South Korea. The first aspect is a renewable-based power system, where both main and ancillary supplies are sourced from renewable energies; the second aspect is a distribution network for renewable energy; and the last aspect is a nanogrid network technology. Renewable energy requires many innovations over existing power infrastructure and regulation. These articles show the changing trend in various sectors in Korea.


Book
Computational Intelligence Application in Electrical Engineering
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The Special Issue "Computational Intelligence Application in Electrical Engineering" deals with the application of computational intelligence techniques in various areas of electrical engineering. The topics of computational intelligence applications in smart power grid optimization, power distribution system protection, and electrical machine design and control optimization are presented in the Special Issue. The co-simulation approach to metaheuristic optimization methods and simulation tools for a power system analysis are also presented. The main computational intelligence techniques, evolutionary optimization, fuzzy inference system, and an artificial neural network are used in the research presented in the Special Issue. The articles published in this issue present the recent trends in computational intelligence applications in the areas of electrical engineering.


Book
Grid-Connected PV Plants
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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PV power plant integration into the grid has been a relevant topic of interest over the last years. Policies supported by governments, technology maturity, favorable incentives, and cost decreasing have significantly promoted the integration of PV power plants into power systems at the transmission and distribution levels. Nevertheless, some barriers remain in terms of forecasting generation, grid reliability, and power quality, which must be overcome for the massive PV integration into future power systems. Additionally, the ancillary services provided by these generation units are increasingly required by different agents to facilitate grid operation under a high proportion of renewables. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include the following areas: large-scale PV power plants, energy policies related to PV power plants, grid integration and interaction, PV power plant modeling, monitoring and case studies, communication systems for PV power plants integration, economic analyses, PV inverters and sizing analyses, new trends in PV technologies, and reviews.


Book
Smart Urban Water Networks
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book presents the paper form of the Special Issue (SI) on Smart Urban Water Networks. The number and topics of the papers in the SI confirm the growing interest of operators and researchers for the new paradigm of smart networks, as part of the more general smart city. The SI showed that digital information and communication technology (ICT), with the implementation of smart meters and other digital devices, can significantly improve the modelling and the management of urban water networks, contributing to a radical transformation of the traditional paradigm of water utilities. The paper collection in this SI includes different crucial topics such as the reliability, resilience, and performance of water networks, innovative demand management, and the novel challenge of real-time control and operation, along with their implications for cyber-security. The SI collected fourteen papers that provide a wide perspective of solutions, trends, and challenges in the contest of smart urban water networks. Some solutions have already been implemented in pilot sites (i.e., for water network partitioning, cyber-security, and water demand disaggregation and forecasting), while further investigations are required for other methods, e.g., the data-driven approaches for real time control. In all cases, a new deal between academia, industry, and governments must be embraced to start the new era of smart urban water systems.

Keywords

hydraulic modelling --- pressure control valve --- pressure management --- remote real-time control --- stochastic consumption --- water distribution system --- fault identification --- hydraulic transient --- inverse transient analysis (ITA) --- water distribution network --- optimization approach --- water distribution monitoring --- optimal sensor placement --- water network partitioning --- topological centrality --- smart water system --- framework --- smartness --- cyber wellness --- leakage --- sensitivity --- uncertainty --- entropy --- multi-criteria decision-making --- DEMATEL --- clustering --- district metered area --- network sectorization --- smart city --- water quality monitoring --- Internet of Things --- wireless sensor networks --- water treatment plant --- data analytics --- nitrate --- nitrite --- water demand forecasting --- hybrid model --- error correction --- chaotic time series --- least square support vector machine --- cross-correlation --- data spatial aggregation --- finite population effect --- metering --- sample mean --- sampling design --- standard error --- stochastic analysis --- water demand peak factor --- water distribution networks --- comparative analysis --- hydraulic measure --- multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) --- reliability index --- water distribution network (WDN) --- smart stormwater --- machine learning --- cluster analysis --- data science --- flooding detection --- rainwater harvesting --- water trading --- dual reticulation --- decentralized water supply --- agent-based modeling --- urban water management --- urban water consumption --- water demand data --- water data accessibility --- data resolution --- smart meter --- smart water systems --- cyber–physical security --- cyber-security --- cyber–physical attacks --- n/a --- water distribution systems --- cyber-attack detection --- blind sources separation --- FastICA --- cyber-physical security --- cyber-physical attacks


Book
New Challenges in Water Systems
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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New challenges in water systems toward safety, efficiency, reliability, and system flexibility will be fundamental in the near future. In this book, readers can find different approaches that include safety analysis, system efficiency improvements, and new innovative designs. The risk function is a measure of its vulnerability level and security loss. Analyses of transient flows associated with the most dangerous operating conditions, are compulsory to grant system liability in terms of water quantity, quality, and system management. Specific equipment, such as air valves, is used in pressurized water pipes to manage the air inside, associated with the emptying and filling process. Advanced tools are developed toward near-future smart water grids. The water system efficiency and water–energy nexus, through the implementation of suitable pressure control and energy recovery devices, as well as pumped-storage hydropower, provide guidelines toward the most technical and environmental cost-effective solutions. Integrated analysis of water and energy allows more reliable, flexible, and sustainable eco-design projects, reaching better resilience systems. Hydraulic simulators and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), conjugating with field or experimental tests, supported by advanced smart equipment, allow a better design, control, and complex event anticipation occurrence to attain high levels of water system security and efficiency.


Book
Power System Simulation, Control and Optimization
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This Special Issue “Power System Simulation, Control and Optimization” offers valuable insights into the most recent research developments in these topics. The analysis, operation, and control of power systems are increasingly complex tasks that require advanced simulation models to analyze and control the effects of transformations concerning electricity grids today: Massive integration of renewable energies, progressive implementation of electric vehicles, development of intelligent networks, and progressive evolution of the applications of artificial intelligence.

Keywords

subhourly modeling --- stochastic unit commitment --- cosimulation method --- sensitivity analysis --- power system dynamic performance --- cooling system --- dynamic programming --- metal-air battery --- receding horizon control --- state variables --- uninterruptible power supply --- power flow computation --- high performance computing (HPC) --- parallelism --- parallel computation --- LU decomposition --- security-constrained optimal power flow --- chance-constrained optimization --- probability of contingency --- renewable energy source --- flexible AC transmission systems --- tabu search --- multi-objective --- power systems --- impartial and open dispatching --- economy --- Gini coefficient --- generation scheduling --- mixed integer quadratic programming --- flexible loads --- market clearing --- safety checking --- interior point method --- electric safety --- induction motor --- fan --- overcurrent protection --- aggregation --- ancillary services --- distributed energy resources --- optimization --- power system operation --- automatic generation control (AGC) --- frequency control --- dynamic deadband --- energy management system (EMS) --- governor response --- voltage collapse --- voltage control --- transformer controller --- adaptive algorithm --- voltage regulation --- distribution system --- power distribution network --- distributed generation --- OLTC --- solar radiation modeling --- GIS --- interpolation --- digital elevation model --- data mining --- ANFIS --- multistrand cable lines --- ampacity --- skin and proximity effects --- symmetry

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