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Human values and social change : findings from the values surveys
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ISBN: 9004128107 9786611925697 1281925691 904740436X Year: 2003 Volume: v. 89 Publisher: Leiden Brill

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Abstract

This book presents findings based on a unique source of insight into the role of human values--the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey, covering 78 societies containing over 80 per cent of the world's population. The findings reveal large and coherent cross-national differences in what people want out of life. Four waves of surveys, from 1981 to 1999-2001, reveal the impact of changing values on societal phenomena. Evidence from eleven Islamic societies demonstrates that a distinctive Islamic culture exists-but the democratic ideal is endorsed overwhelmingly. Other analyses examine Gender Equality and Democracy; Corruption and Democracy; Social Capital in Vietnam; the Clash of Civilization; political satisfaction in global perspective; Trust in International Governance; and Israeli and South African values.

Keywords

Social change --- Sociology of culture --- Changement social --- Social values --- Sociale verandering --- Sociale waarden --- Valeurs sociales --- Social values. --- Civilization, Modern --- World politics --- Civilisation --- Politique mondiale --- Huntington, Samuel P. --- 316.752 --- -World politics --- -#SBIB:316.7C122 --- #SBIB:303H34 --- #SBIB:043.IOS --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Modern civilization --- Modernity --- Civilization --- Renaissance --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Values --- Waarden --(sociologie) --- Cultuursociologie: overtuigingen, waarden en houdingen --- Kwalitatieve methoden: grondige gevallenstudie, casework, social work --- History --- Khantington, S. P. --- Khantington, Sėmi︠u︡ėl P. --- Hāntinghtūn, Ṣāmūʼīl --- Khantington, Sami︠u︡ėlʹ --- Hantinjtūn, Ṣāmwīl --- Hungtingdun, Saimiu'er --- Khantington, Samuėlʹ P. --- هانتنغتون، صاموئيل --- 316.752 Waarden --(sociologie) --- ハンチントン, サミュエル --- Civilization [Modern ] --- 1950-.... --- 1989 --- -Huntington, Samuel Phillips --- Sociologie van de cultuur --- Social change. --- Changement social. --- -Huntington, Samuel P. --- Huntington, Samuel Phillips


Book
Cultural evolution : people's motivations are changing, and reshaping the world
Author:
ISBN: 9781108489317 1108489311 9781108464772 9781108613880 1108464777 1108648819 1108636004 1108613888 Year: 2018 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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Cultural Evolution argues that people's values and behavior are shaped by the degree to which survival is secure; it was precarious for most of history, which encouraged heavy emphasis on group solidarity, rejection of outsiders, and obedience to strong leaders. For under extreme scarcity, xenophobia is realistic: if there is just enough land to support one tribe and another tribe tries to claim it, survival may literally be a choice between Us and Them. Conversely, high levels of existential security encourage openness to change, diversity, and new ideas. The unprecedented prosperity and security of the postwar era brought cultural change, the environmentalist movement, and the spread of democracy. But in recent decades, diminishing job security and rising inequality have led to an authoritarian reaction. Evidence from more than 100 countries demonstrates that people's motivations and behavior reflect the extent to which they take survival for granted - and that modernization changes them in roughly predictable ways. This book explains the rise of environmentalist parties, gender equality, and same-sex marriage through a new, empirically-tested version of modernization theory.


Book
Religion's sudden decline : what's causing it, and what comes next?
Author:
ISBN: 9780197547052 0197547052 Year: 2021 Publisher: New York (N.Y.) : Oxford university press,

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"Secularization has accelerated. From 1981 to 2007, most countries became more religious, but from 2007 to 2020, the overwhelming majority became less religious. For centuries, all major religions encouraged norms that limit women to producing as many children as possible and discourage any sexual behavior not linked with reproduction. These norms were needed when facing high infant mortality and low life expectancy but require suppressing strong drives, and are rapidly eroding. These norms are so strongly linked with religion that abandoning them undermines religiosity. Religion became pervasive because it was conducive to survival, encouraged sharing when there was no social security system, and it is conducive to mental health and coping with insecure conditions. People need coherent belief systems, but religion is declining. What comes next? The Nordic countries have consistently been at the cutting edge of cultural change. Protestantism left an enduring imprint, but the 20th Century welfare added universal health coverage, high levels of state support for education, welfare spending, child care, pensions and an ethos of social solidarity. These countries are also characterized by rapidly declining religiosity. Does this portend corruption and nihilism? Apparently not. These countries lead the world on numerous indicators of a well-functioning society, including economic equality, gender equality, low homicide rates, subjective well-being, environmental protection and democracy. They have become less religious, but their people have high levels of interpersonal trust, tolerance, honesty, social solidarity and commitment to democratic norms. The decline of religiosity has far-reaching implications. This book explores what comes next"--

Modernization and postmodernization : cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies
Author:
ISBN: 069101180X 0691011818 0691214425 9780691011806 Year: 1997 Publisher: Princeton : Princeton University Press,

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Ronald Inglehart argues that economic development, cultural change, and political change go together in coherent and even, to some extent, predictable patterns. This is a controversial claim. It implies that some trajectories of socioeconomic change are more likely than others--and consequently that certain changes are foreseeable. Once a society has embarked on industrialization, for example, a whole syndrome of related changes, from mass mobilization to diminishing differences in gender roles, is likely to appear. These changes in worldviews seem to reflect changes in the economic and political environment, but they take place with a generational time lag and have considerable autonomy and momentum of their own. But industrialization is not the end of history. Advanced industrial society leads to a basic shift in values, de-emphasizing the instrumental rationality that characterized industrial society. Postmodern values then bring new societal changes, including democratic political institutions and the decline of state socialist regimes. To demonstrate the powerful links between belief systems and political and socioeconomic variables, this book draws on a unique database, the World Values Surveys. This database covers a broader range than ever before available for looking at the impact of mass publics on political and social life. It provides information from societies representing 70 percent of the world's population--from societies with per capita incomes as low as

Keywords

Social change --- Progress --- Political development --- Economic development --- Progrès social --- Développement politique --- Développement économique --- Changement social --- Cross-cultural studies --- Cross-cultural studies. --- Etudes transculturelles --- -Political development --- -Economic development --- -Social change --- -316.323.9 --- -303.44 --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Development, Political --- Political science --- Social progress --- Civilization --- Regression (Civilization) --- Social stability --- Postmoderne maatschappij. Sociologie van het postmodernisme --- 316.323.9 Postmoderne maatschappij. Sociologie van het postmodernisme --- Progrès social --- Développement politique --- Développement économique --- 303.44 --- 316.323.9 --- Sociale verandering --- Wirtschaftsentwicklung. --- Modernisierung. --- Postmoderne. --- Wandel. --- Vergleich. --- Industriegesellschaft. --- Wertwandel. --- Sozialer Wandel. --- Geschichte. --- Politischer Wandel. --- Kulturvergleich. --- Fortschritt. --- Argentina. --- Bean, Clive. --- Buerklin, Wilhelm. --- Catholic societies. --- China. --- France. --- Hungary. --- Materialist values. --- Postmaterialist values. --- Republikaner Party. --- Soviet Union. --- abortion. --- achievement motivation. --- class conflict. --- cognitive mobilization. --- democracy. --- diminishing marginal utility. --- divorce. --- economic growth. --- environmental protection. --- government spending. --- immigration. --- institutional determinism. --- investment. --- legitimacy. --- life satisfaction. --- mass participation. --- national pride. --- organizational memberships. --- political interest. --- Progress - Cross-cultural studies. --- Political development - Cross-cultural studies. --- Economic development - Cross-cultural studies. --- Social change - Cross-cultural studies. --- Fortschrittsgedanke --- Innovation --- Interkultureller Vergleich --- Cross-cultural Analysis --- Vergleich --- Systemtransformation --- Systemwandel --- Systemwechsel --- Politische Entwicklung --- Wandel --- Modernité --- Postmodernisme --- Etudes comparatives


Book
Sacred and secular : religion and politics worldwide
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9781107011281 9781107648371 1107011280 1107648378 9780511894862 1139125176 1107222265 1139123769 9786613315038 1139118013 1139128671 1139113658 0511894864 1283315033 1139115847 9781139115841 9781139128674 9781139118019 9781139113656 9781107222267 9781139125178 9781283315036 9781139123761 6613315036 Year: 2011 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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This book develops a theory of existential security. It demonstrates that the publics of virtually all advanced industrial societies have been moving toward more secular orientations during the past half century, but also that the world as a whole now has more people with traditional religious views than ever before. This second edition expands the theory and provides new and updated evidence from a broad perspective and in a wide range of countries. This confirms that religiosity persists most strongly among vulnerable populations, especially in poorer nations and in failed states. Conversely, a systematic erosion of religious practices, values and beliefs has occurred among the more prosperous strata in rich nations.


Book
Cosmopolitan communications : cultural diversity in a globalized world
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780521738385 9780521493680 0521493684 0521738385 9780511804557 0511804555 9780511651861 0511651864 9780511629945 051162994X 9780511699948 0511699948 9780511632112 0511632118 1107189349 0511647786 9786612393822 1282393820 051163272X 0511631510 0511633920 Year: 2009 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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Societies around the world have experienced a flood of information from diverse channels originating beyond local communities and even national borders, transmitted through the rapid expansion of cosmopolitan communications. For more than half a century, conventional interpretations, Norris and Inglehart argue, have commonly exaggerated the potential threats arising from this process. A series of firewalls protect national cultures. This book develops a new theoretical framework for understanding cosmopolitan communications and uses it to identify the conditions under which global communications are most likely to endanger cultural diversity. The authors analyze empirical evidence from both the societal level and the individual level, examining the outlook and beliefs of people in a wide range of societies. The study draws on evidence from the World Values Survey, covering 90 societies in all major regions worldwide from 1981 to 2007. The conclusion considers the implications of their findings for cultural policies.


Book
La transition culturelle dans les sociétés industrielles avancées
Author:
ISBN: 2717825282 9782717825282 Year: 1993 Publisher: Paris : Economica,

Rising tide : gender equality and cultural change around the world
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0521529506 0521822033 0511550367 0511888902 9780521529501 9780521822039 Year: 2003 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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The twentieth century gave rise to profound changes in traditional sex roles. However, the force of this 'rising tide' has varied among rich and poor societies around the globe, as well as among younger and older generations. Rising Tide sets out to understand how modernization has changed cultural attitudes towards gender equality and to analyze the political consequences of this process. The core argument suggests that women and men's lives have been altered in a two-stage modernization process consisting of (i) the shift from agrarian to industrialized societies and (ii) the move from industrial towards post industrial societies. This book is the first to systematically compare attitudes towards gender equality worldwide, comparing almost 70 nations that run the gamut from rich to poor, agrarian to postindustrial. Rising Tide is essential reading for those interested in understanding issues of comparative politics, public opinion, political behavior, political development, and political sociology.

Modernization, cultural change, and democracy : the human development sequence
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0521846951 0521609712 9780521846950 9780521609715 9780511790881 9780511338403 0511338406 0511790880 9780511336669 0511336667 9786611112981 6611112987 0511337841 1107164354 9781107164352 1107386101 9781107386105 1281112984 9781281112989 1139131109 9781139131100 9780511337840 0511337841 0511337310 9780511337314 Year: 2005 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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This book demonstrates that people's basic values and beliefs are changing, in ways that affect their political, sexual, economic, and religious behaviour. These changes are roughly predictable: to a large extent, they can be interpreted on the basis of a revised version of modernisation theory presented here. Drawing on a massive body of evidence from societies containing 85 percent of the world's population, the authors demonstrate that modernisation is a process of human development, in which economic development gives rise to cultural changes that make individual autonomy, gender equality, and democracy increasingly likely. The authors present a model of social change that predicts how the value systems play a crucial role in the emergence and flourishing of democratic institutions - and that modernisation brings coherent cultural changes that are conducive to democratisation.

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