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Religious individuality is not restricted to modernity. This book offers a new reading of the ancient sources in order to find indications for the spectrum of religious practices and intensified forms of such practices only occasionally denounced as 'superstition'. Authors from Cicero in the first century BC to the law codes of the fourth century AD share the assumption that authentic and binding communication between individuals and gods is possible and widespread, even if problematic in the case of divination or the confrontation with images of the divine. A change in practices and assumptions throughout the imperial period becomes visible. It might be characterised as 'individualisation' and informed the Roman law of religions. The basic constellation - to give freedom of religion and to regulate religion at the same time - resonates even into modern bodies of law and is important for juridical conflicts today.

Religion and sociology --- Free thought --- Deviant behavior --- Superstition --- Individualism --- Social norms. --- Sociologie religieuse --- Libre pensée --- Déviance --- Superstitions --- Individualisme --- Normes sociales --- Religious aspects. --- Aspect religieux --- Rome --- Religion. --- Religion --- Deviant behavior. --- Free thought. --- Religion and sociology. --- Superstition. --- Rome (Empire). --- Libre pensée --- Déviance --- Folkways --- Norms, Social --- Rules, Social --- Social rules --- Manners and customs --- Social control --- Folk beliefs --- Traditions --- Folklore --- Deviancy --- Social deviance --- Human behavior --- Conformity --- Social adjustment --- Freethought --- Thought, Free --- Agnosticism --- Atheism --- Rationalism --- Secular humanism --- Skepticism --- Religion and society --- Religious sociology --- Society and religion --- Sociology, Religious --- Sociology and religion --- Sociology of religion --- Sociology

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This open access volume presents a comprehensive account of all aspects of biological invasions in South Africa, where research has been conducted over more than three decades, and where bold initiatives have been implemented in attempts to control invasions and to reduce their ecological, economic and social effects. It covers a broad range of themes, including history, policy development and implementation, the status of invasions of animals and plants in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments, the development of a robust ecological theory around biological invasions, the effectiveness of management interventions, and scenarios for the future. The South African situation stands out because of the remarkable diversity of the country, and the wide range of problems encountered in its varied ecosystems, which has resulted in a disproportionate investment into both research and management. The South African experience holds many lessons for other parts of the world, and this book should be of immense value to researchers, students, managers, and policy-makers who deal with biological invasions and ecosystem management and conservation in most other regions.

Biodiversity. --- Conservation biology. --- Ecology . --- Animal systematics. --- Animal taxonomy. --- Ecosystems. --- Plant pathology. --- Conservation Biology/Ecology. --- Ecology. --- Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Plant Pathology. --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Plants --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Animal classification --- Animal systematics --- Animal taxonomy --- Classification --- Systematic zoology --- Systematics (Zoology) --- Taxonomy, Animal --- Zoological classification --- Zoological systematics --- Zoological taxonomy --- Zoology --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Nature conservation --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Animals --- Biological invasions --- Economic aspects --- Economic aspects. --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental aspects. --- Bio-invasions --- Bioinvasions --- Invasions, Biological --- Natural selection --- Biodiversity --- Conservation Biology/Ecology --- Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography --- Plant Pathology --- Conservation Biology --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology --- Biological Taxonomy --- South Africa --- Terrestrial --- Vertebrate invasions --- Aquatic plants --- Freshwater ecosystems --- Invasive biota --- Prince Edward Islands --- Coastal invasions --- Pathogens --- Urban invasions --- Alien organisms --- Abiotic factors --- Agricultural crops --- Invasive insect pests --- Open Access --- Conservation of the environment --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Zoology & animal sciences --- Taxonomy & systematics --- Botany & plant sciences