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Colonial cities --- Villes coloniales --- History. --- Histoire --- France --- Colonies --- Colonial Cities - History of City Planning and Beautification - Maghreb, Libya and Iran - 19th-20th Century - Essays and Bibliography. --- History

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Formal Axiology and Its Critics consists of two parts, both of which present criticisms of the formal theory of values developed by Robert S. Hartman, replies to these criticisms, plus a short introduction to formal axiology. Part I consists of articles published or made public during the lifetime of Hartman to which he personally replied. It contains previously published replies to Hector Neri Castañeda, William Eckhardt, and Robert S. Brumbaugh, and previously unpublished replies to Charles Hartshorne, Rem B. Edwards, Robert E. Carter, G.R. Grice, Nicholas Rescher, Robert W. Mueller, Gordon Welty, Pete Gunter, and George K. Plochmann in an unfinished but now completed article on which Hartman was working at the time of his death in 1973. Part II consists of articles presented at recent annual meetings of the R.S. Hartman Institute for Formal and Applied Axiology that continue to criticize and further develop Hartman's formal axiology. An article by Rem B. Edwards raises serious unanswered questions about formal axiology and ethics. Another by Frank G. Forrest shows how the formal value calculus based on set theory might answer these questions, and an article by Mark A. Moore points out weaknesses in the Hartman/Forrest value calculus and develops an alternative calculus based upon the mathematics of quantum mechanics. While recognizing that unsolved problems remain, the book intends to make the theoretical foundations and future promise of formal axiology much more secure. Open Access funding for this volume has been provided by the Robert S.Hartman Institute.

Formalization (Philosophy) --- Values. --- Formalization. --- Value philosophy. --- Axiology --- Worth --- Aesthetics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Metaphysics --- Psychology --- Ethics --- Form (Philosophy) --- Logic --- Methodology --- Philosophy --- 19th & 20th Century Philosophy --- Ethics & Moral Philosophy

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East Indians --- Urban geography --- Indiens (Habitants de l'Inde) --- Géographie urbaine --- Durban (South Africa) --- Durban (Afrique du Sud) --- Social conditions --- History --- Conditions sociales --- Histoire --- Social conditions. --- Géographie urbaine --- South Africa history - Indian community - 19th-20th century. --- History.

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Duitsland; geschiedenis der sociale toestanden, bewegingen, organisaties en ideeën; de 18e tot 20e eeuw; socialisme; socialistische theorie; Karl Marx en Friedrich Engels; verzamelde werken. --- Germany; social history; 19th, 20th century; socialism; socialist theories; Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; selected works.

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Non-fiction --- Spanish-American literature --- Essay --- Latin American essays --- Essai (Genre littéraire) --- Essais latino-américains --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- Essayists --- History and criticism --- 860 <8> --- 82-4 --- 860-4 --- Spaanse literatuur: Zuid-Amerika --- Spaanse literatuur: essay --- Essay As a Literary Genre - Latin American Literature - 19th-20th Century - Criticism. --- 860-4 Spaanse literatuur: essay --- 82-4 Essay --- 860 <8> Spaanse literatuur: Zuid-Amerika --- Essai (Genre littéraire) --- Essais latino-américains --- Latin American literature --- Authors --- 82-4 Essays --- Essays --- Latin American essays - History and criticism --- Essayists - Latin American --- Essay As a Literary Genre --- Latin American Literature --- 19th-20th Century --- Criticism