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There are subtle but potent differences in the ways decisions are made to promote men and women. This publication looks at these differences through a study conducted at one Fortune 500 company. It discusses the several ways that the promotion decision process can undermine women’s advancement and outlines strategies for making balanced decisions.

Women employees --- Diversity in the workplace --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Marketing & Sales --- Promotions --- Decision making. --- Decision making --- Female employees --- Women workers --- Working women --- Workingwomen --- Employees

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Between the late 1940s and independence in 1975, rural Mozambican women migrated to the capital, Lourenço Marques, to find employment in the cashew shelling industry. This book tells of the labour and social history of what became of Mozambique's most important late colonial era industry through the oral history and songs of three generations of the workforce. In the 1950s, Jiva Jamal Tharani recruited a largely female labour force and inaugurated industrial cashew shelling in the Chamanculo neighbourhood. Seasonal cashew brews had long been an essential component of the region's household, gift and informal economies, but by the 1970s cashew exports comprised the largest share of the colony's foreign exchange earnings. This book demonstrates that Mozambique's cashew economy depended fundamentally on women's work and should be understood as 'whole cloth'. Drawing on over one hundred interviews, the rich narratives convey layered histories: the rural crises that triggered the flight of women, their lives as factory workers, widespread payment and wage fraud, the formation of innovative urban families, and the health costs that all African families paid for municipal neglect of their neighbourhoods. Jeanne Marie Penvenne is Associate Professor of History and International Relations Core Faculty at Tufts University. She is the author of the Herskovits shortlisted 'African Workers and Colonial Racism' (James Currey/Heinemann, 1995)

Cashew nut industry --- Women employees --- History --- Mozambique --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Female employees --- Women workers --- Working women --- Workingwomen --- Employees --- Cashew industry --- Cashew trade --- Nut industry --- To 1999 --- feminism.

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A major study of the role of women in the labour market of Industrial Revolution Britain. It is well known that men and women usually worked in different occupations, and that women earned lower wages than men. These differences are usually attributed to custom but Joyce Burnette here demonstrates instead that gender differences in occupations and wages were instead largely driven by market forces. Her findings reveal that rather than harming women competition actually helped them by eroding the power that male workers needed to restrict female employment and minimising the gender wage gap by sorting women into the least strength-intensive occupations. Where the strength requirements of an occupation made women less productive than men, occupational segregation maximised both economic efficiency and female incomes. She shows that women's wages were then market wages rather than customary and the gender wage gap resulted from actual differences in productivity.

Women employees --- Sex discrimination against women --- Industrial revolution --- History --- Female employees --- Women workers --- Working women --- Workingwomen --- Employees --- Discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Women, Discrimination against --- Feminism --- Sex discrimination --- Women's rights --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Arts and Humanities

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Sexual division of labor --- Textile workers --- Women employees --- Female employees --- Women workers --- Working women --- Workingwomen --- Employees --- Textile industry --- Division of labor by sex --- Division of labor --- Sex role --- Sex discrimination in employment --- History

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This volume examines the role of women workers who are joining the workforce in urban India. Employment opportunities have opened up and are constantly expanding for women, but this book interrogates whether their working status is breaking gender stereotypes or reaffirming them. It argues that whether women are working in offices or from home, contributing to the IT sector or labouring as petty producers, they are unable to break out of the gendered codes that place them at the lower rungs of the occupational ladder. More importantly, the hierarchical social order, comprising caste, class and ethnic identities, seems to echo in the gendered structure of the labour market as well. This volume studies the intertwining of work with embedded patriarchal notions of women's places in designated spheres, and the overt and covert processes of resistance that women offer in defining new roles and old ones anew.

Women employees --- Sex discrimination against women --- Sex role in the work environment --- Industrial sociology --- Sex discrimination in employment --- Sexual harassment --- Work environment --- Female employees --- Women workers --- Working women --- Workingwomen --- Employees