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The goal of any research assessment is to evaluate the value or quality of the research in comparison to other research. As quality is highly subjective and difficult to measure, citations are used as a proxy. Citations are an important part of scholarly communication and a significant component of research evaluation, with the assumption being that highly cited work has influenced the work of many other researchers and hence it is more valuable. Recently we have seen new online data sources being researched for this purpose and disruptive ideas with the power to change research assessment, and perhaps even science as a whole, have been born. Altmetrics is the new research area that investigates the potential of these new data source as indicators of the impact that research has made on the scientific community and beyond, and thus possibly also as indicators of the societal impact of research. This book will present some of these new data sources, findings from earlier altmetrics research, and the disruptive ideas that may radically change scholarly communication. Presents some of the key ideas and innovations in earlier research that have been driving the evolution from bibliometrics to webometrics, and with the advent of social media to altmetrics Discusses the shortcomings and pitfalls of bibliometrics in research evaluation and the potential of altmetrics to overcome some of these shortcomings Presents some of the most important data sources of altmetrics, the aggregators, and the different stakeholders Reviews current research about altmetrics and discusses possible future trends Presents a way to measure and aggregate altmetrics according to the level of impact or type of impact they represent

Bibliographical citations --- Evaluation. --- Bibliographical references --- Citation of sources --- Citations, Bibliographical --- Footnotes, Bibliographical --- References, Bibliographical --- Bibliography --- Methodology --- Bibliometrics.

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The term ‘annotation’ is associated in the Humanities and Technical Sciences with different concepts that vary in coverage, application and direction but which also have instructive parallels. This publication mirrors the increasing cooperation that has been taking place between the two disciplines within the scope of the digitalization of the Humanities. It presents the results of an international conference on the concept of annotation that took place at the University of Wuppertal in February 2019. This publication reflects on different practices and associated concepts of annotation in an interdisciplinary perspective, puts them in relation to each other and attempts to systematize their commonalities and divergences. The following dynamic visualizations allow an interactive navigation within the volume based on keywords: Wordcloud ☁ , Matrix ▦ , Edge Bundling ⊛

LITERARY CRITICISM / General. --- Digital humanities. --- Bibliographical citations. --- Bibliographical references --- Citation of sources --- Citations, Bibliographical --- Footnotes, Bibliographical --- References, Bibliographical --- Bibliography --- Humanities --- Methodology --- Data processing --- Information technology --- Annotation. --- digital humanities. --- digitalization interdisciplinarity. --- document processing.

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This book discusses a number of approaches to annotation systems in the context of the study of emblems, the sixteenth and seventeenth century literary genre that joins an image, a motto and an often moralizing epigram.

Books --- Annotating, Book. --- Emblems --- Bibliographical citations. --- Electronic publishing. --- Digital publishing --- Online publishing --- Publishers and publishing --- Desktop publishing --- Bibliographical references --- Citation of sources --- Citations, Bibliographical --- Footnotes, Bibliographical --- References, Bibliographical --- Bibliography --- Heraldry --- Signs and symbols --- Symbolism --- Book annotating --- Abstracting --- History. --- Methodology

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Criminology. Victimology --- Bibliographical citations --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminology --- Evaluation. --- Research --- Crime --- Social sciences --- Criminals --- Administration of criminal justice --- Justice, Administration of --- Criminal law --- Bibliographical references --- Citation of sources --- Citations, Bibliographical --- Footnotes, Bibliographical --- References, Bibliographical --- Bibliography --- Evaluation --- Research&delete& --- Study and teaching --- Law and legislation --- Methodology

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Le texte persuade. Les notes prouvent. Telle est, pour la tradition, la double dimension de l'écriture de l'histoire. A. Grafton entend ici découvrir où, quand et pourquoi les historiens ont adopté la forme spécifique d'architecture narrative qui est aujourd'hui la leur. Il s'interroge sur les moyens de faire la preuve de la vérité en histoire à partir des textes d'A. Kircher ou L. von Ranke.

Bibliografisch citeren --- Bibliografische referenties --- Bibliografische verwijzingen --- Bibliographical citations --- Bibliographical references --- Bronnen--Vermeldingen --- Bronvermeldingen --- Citations [Bibliogrpahical ] --- Citations of sources --- Citeren van bronnen --- Critique historique (Littérature) --- Footnotes [Bibliographical] --- Historical criticism (Literature) --- Historische kritiek (Literatuur) --- Notes infrapaginales --- Referenties [Bibliografische ] --- Références bibliographiques --- Verwijzingen [Bibliografische ] --- Voetnoten --- Historiography --- Authorship --- Historians --- Historiographie --- Art d'écrire --- Historiens --- Art d'écrire --- Notes (paratexte) --- Savoir et érudition --- Histoire --- History --- Learning and scholarship --- Histoire.