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Human Milk: Sampling and Measurement of Energy-Yielding Nutrients and Other Macromolecules presents comprehensive, rigorous, state-of-the-science information on the origins, analysis, concentrations and variation in energy-yielding nutrients and other macromolecules present in human milk. The book includes information on how best to collect and store milk for determining concentrations of these important milk constituents and considers how to conduct milk composition analysis in research, clinical and resource-poor settings. Written by a group of international experts who are actively conducting research related to human milk macronutrients, each chapter also provides cutting-edge rationale for what research is still needed in this evolving field. In addition, the book also outlines challenges and opportunities faced by clinicians, industry leaders and regulators interested in adding these components to infant foods, human milk nutrient fortifier and formula. Presents analytical issues and challenges Contains information regarding optimal milk collection and storage procedures for each milk component Uses a systematic treatment of common factors relating to milk composition variation (e.g., time postpartum, maternal diet) Provides a brief summary at the end of each chapter Reviews the literature related to history/discovery, analysis, isoforms, origins/transport, variability, metabolism and research gaps

Breast milk --- Composition. --- Physiological effect. --- Breastmilk --- Human milk --- Milk, Human --- Mother's milk --- Milk --- Lactation

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Breast milk. --- Breastfeeding. --- Breast feeding --- Nursing (Breastfeeding) --- Suckling --- Infants --- Lactation --- Wet nurses --- Breastmilk --- Human milk --- Milk, Human --- Mother's milk --- Milk --- Nutrition

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Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements. However, it is more than just “milk”. This dynamic and bioactive fluid allows mother–infant signalling over lactation, guiding the infant in the developmental and physiological processes. It exerts protection and life-long biological effects, playing a crucial role in promoting healthy growth and optimal cognitive development. The latest scientific advances have provided insight into different components of human milk and their dynamic changes over time. However, the complexity of human milk composition and the synergistic mechanisms responsible for its beneficial health effects have not yet been unravelled. Filling this knowledge gap will shed light on the biology of the developing infant and will contribute to the optimization of infant feeding, particularly that of the most vulnerable infants. Greater understanding of human milk will also help in elucidating the best strategies for its storage and handling. The increasing knowledge on human milk’s bioactive compounds together with the rapidly-advancing technological achievements will greatly enhance their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. The current Special Issue aims to welcome original works and literature reviews further exploring the complexity of human milk composition, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with breastfeeding, and the factors and determinants involved in lactation, including its promotion and support.

high pressure processing --- n/a --- lipids --- supplementation --- protective factors --- infant --- carbohydrate --- mothers --- antioxidant capacity --- protein --- fat --- cytokines --- bioactive factors --- late preterm --- zinc --- infants --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- pregnancy --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- Lipidomics --- magnesium --- omega-3 fatty acids --- vitamin D deficiency --- flow injection analysis --- human milk benefits --- multiple source method --- 3?-sialyllactose (3?SL) --- milk banking --- milk group --- pasteurization --- video instruction --- Milk Fat Globule Membrane --- bile salt stimulated lipase --- breastfeeding difficulties --- breastfeeding support --- prematurity --- carotenoids --- hormones --- phosphocholine --- amino acids --- targeted metabolomics --- high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- choline --- selenium --- ?-linolenic acid --- arachidonic acid (ARA) --- docosahexaenoic acid --- human milk fortification --- protease inhibitors --- celiac disease --- copper --- term --- adipokines --- iodine --- mammary gland --- nutritional status --- food frequency questionnaire --- neonate --- early breastfeeding cessation --- prospective study --- breastfeeding --- mothers’ own milk --- disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) --- country --- lactating women --- undernourishment --- proteases --- preterm --- expressing --- dietary assessment --- retinol --- body composition --- duration of lactation --- passive immunization --- 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL) --- phosphorus --- clinical trial --- growth factors --- infant formula --- digestive tract --- human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) --- sodium --- nutrition --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- lipid metabolites --- lactation --- nervonic acid --- ?-tocopherol --- macronutrients --- glycoprotein --- term infant --- term infants --- maternal diet --- promotion of breastfeeding --- potassium --- antioxidants --- maternal immunoglobulins --- Human Milk --- human milk --- Phospholipids --- flu vaccine --- lactational stage --- lactose --- storage --- dietary intake --- Preterm infant --- immune-active proteins --- colostrum --- human milk fat --- inadequate intake --- milk therapy --- endogenous peptide --- calcium --- fatty acids --- breast milk --- pumping --- secretor --- LC-MS --- n-9 fatty acid --- Lewis --- donor human milk --- antenatal --- online --- iron --- growth --- donor milk --- mothers' own milk

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This book focuses on advanced research topics on human lactation, such as breastfeeding experiences, milk composition and production, COVID-19 and human milk, food allergens in human milk, the human milk microbiome, and the impacts of human milk on infant growth and development. The symposium proceedings aim to add diversity, passion, and innovation to lactation research and have a positive impact on mothers, infants, and communities worldwide, showcasing integrative mother/infant-centered research.

Breastfeeding. --- Lactation. --- Breast milk. --- Breastmilk --- Human milk --- Milk, Human --- Mother's milk --- Milk --- Lactation --- Milk secretion --- Milk yield --- Physiology --- Breastfeeding --- Breast milk --- Prolactin --- Breast feeding --- Nursing (Breastfeeding) --- Suckling --- Infants --- Wet nurses --- Secretion --- Nutrition

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The goal of this Special Issue, “Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics”, is to focus on the importance of pediatric nutrition with probiotics and prebiotics to improve gastrointestinal health in newborn, infants, and children.Specifically, the aim is to clarify if probiotics and prebiotics can influence gut microbiota composition and host-interaction favoring human health and preventing diseases.This new information will provide health care professionals with a widespread, clear and update evidence on probiotics and prebiotics and intestinal gut microbiota in pediatric care.

non-IgE mediated allergy --- n/a --- randomized controlled trials --- infant --- “Probiotics”[Mesh] --- children --- safety --- therapeutic microbiology --- zinc --- prevention --- Lactobacillus --- cow’s milk protein --- constipation --- hepcidin --- infants --- Bifidobacterium --- Bifidobacterium breve --- allergy --- asthma --- functional abdominal pain disorders --- probiotic strain --- formula feeding --- probiotic --- nutritional programming --- 2?-fucosyllactose --- “Pregnancy”[Mesh] --- colic --- iron absorption --- bifidobacteria --- Newborn”[Mesh] --- breast feeding --- neonatal --- diversity --- acute diarrhea --- celiac disease --- human milk oligosaccharide --- acute gastroenteritis --- human milk oligosaccharides --- tolerance acquisition --- iron deficiency anemia --- infantile colic --- Lacto-N-neotetraose --- gluten free diet --- oligosaccharides --- preterm --- preterm infant --- microbial programming --- paediatrics --- Lactobacillus reuteri --- functional constipation --- protein hydrolyzed formulas --- oral rehydration solution --- gluten-free diet --- infant formula --- prebiotic --- Childhood Asthma Control Test --- microbiome --- intestinal transit time --- prebiotics --- sepsis --- probiotics --- microbiota --- “Infant --- lactobacilli --- human milk --- functional gastrointestinal disorders --- inulin --- fecal microbiota --- Bacillus clausii --- peak expiratory flow rate --- breast milk --- immunoglobulin E --- efficacy --- intestinal microbiota --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- pediatrics --- growth --- "Probiotics"[Mesh] --- cow's milk protein --- "Pregnancy"[Mesh] --- Newborn"[Mesh] --- "Infant