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Over the last three decades, welfare policies have been informed by popular beliefs that welfare fraud is rampant. As a result, welfare policies have become more punitive and the boundaries between the welfare system and the criminal justice system have blurred—so much so that in some locales prosecution caseloads for welfare fraud exceed welfare caseloads. In reality, some recipients manipulate the welfare system for their own ends, others are gravely hurt by punitive policies, and still others fall somewhere in between. In Cheating Welfare, Kaaryn S. Gustafson endeavors to clear up these gray areas by providing insights into the history, social construction, and lived experience of welfare. She shows why cheating is all but inevitable—not because poor people are immoral, but because ordinary individuals navigating complex systems of rules are likely to become entangled despite their best efforts. Through an examination of the construction of the crime we know as welfare fraud, which she bases on in-depth interviews with welfare recipients in Northern California, Gustafson challenges readers to question their assumptions about welfare policies, welfare recipients, and crime control in the United States.

POOR PEOPLE -- 330.4 --- WELFARE POLICIES -- 330.4 --- USA -- 331 --- PUBLIC WELFARE -- 331 --- WELFARE FRAUD -- 331 --- WELFARE RECIPIENTS PERSPECTIVE -- 331 --- POOR PEOPLE -- 331 --- WELFARE POLICIES -- 331 --- USA -- 343.97 --- WELFARE FRAUD -- 343.97 --- WELFARE RECIPIENTS PERSPECTIVE -- 343.97 --- POOR PEOPLE -- 343.97 --- WELFARE POLICIES -- 343.97 --- USA -- 343.7 --- PUBLIC WELFARE -- 343.7 --- WELFARE FRAUD -- 343.7 --- WELFARE RECIPIENTS PERSPECTIVE -- 343.7 --- POOR PEOPLE -- 343.7 --- WELFARE RECIPIENTS PERSPECTIVE -- 330.4 --- PUBLIC WELFARE -- 343.97 --- WELFARE POLICIES -- 343.7 --- Social security law --- Welfare fraud --- Social policy --- Public welfare --- Case studies --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Fraud --- Swindlers and swindling --- Case studies. --- Government policy --- Welfare fraud - United States --- Public welfare - California - Case studies

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Inleiding: De draad van Ariadne - Hoofdstuk 1. De bevoegdheid om proces-verbaal op te stellen - §1. Verschillende instrumenten ter beschikking - § 2. Appreciatierecht van de sociaal inspecteurs - § 3. Vorderingsrecht van Openbaar Ministerie en onderzoeksrechten - § 4. Wettelijk kader - § 5. Het proces-verbaal houdende vaststelling versus het verhoor - Hoofdstuk 2. Het elektronisch proces-verbaal (ePV) en de databank ePV - § 1. Een uniek departement overstijgend project - § 2. De databank ePV - § 3. Wettelijjk kader - § 4. Dromen over de toekomst

Arbeidsinspectie. --- Elektronisch procesverbaal. --- Sociale fraude. --- Travail dissimulé --- Fraude à la sécurité sociale --- Travail --- Échange électronique d'information --- Dématérialisation (informatique) et droit --- Procès-verbaux --- Lutte contre --- Pratiques déloyales --- arbeidsrecht --- fraude --- preventiebeleid --- Social law. Labour law --- Belgium --- Labor laws and legislation --- Illegalen --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Welfare fraud --- Prevention --- Sociale wetgeving --- Werkgelegenheid --- Vluchtelingen --- Fraude --- Sociale fraude --- sociaal recht --- droit social --- droit du travail --- Vluchteling --- Politiek --- Actes juridiques électroniques --- Belgique

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Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. Friedrich Schneider and Dominik H. Enste use currency demand, physical input (electricity) method, and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD-countries. They argue that during the 1990s the average size of a shadow economy varied from 12 per cent of GDP for OECD, to 23 per cent for transition and to 39% for developing countries. They examine the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach explaining deviant behaviour, which combines the findings of economic, sociological and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation, social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities and the decline of the tax morale, are all driving forces behind this growth, especially in OECD-countries. They propose a reform of state institutions to improve the dynamics of the official economy.

Economic structure --- economie souterraine --- fraude --- criminalite --- situation economique --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.208 --- 343.35 --- Informal sector (Economics) --- 330 --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Artisans --- Economics --- Small business --- ondergrondse economie --- criminaliteit --- economische toestand --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie. --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving. --- Commercial crimes. --- Informal sector (Economics). --- Business enterprises --- Commercial crimes --- Tax evasion --- Illegal aliens --- Welfare fraud --- Fraud --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- Corrupt practices --- Business, Economy and Management --- Tax evasion. --- Illegal aliens. --- Welfare fraud. --- Fraud. --- Corrupt practices. --- Commercial fraud --- Deceit --- Misrepresentation (Crime) --- Aliens --- Aliens, Illegal --- Illegal immigrants --- Illegal immigration --- Undocumented aliens --- Evasion, Fiscal --- Fiscal evasion --- Tax avoidance --- Tax delinquency --- Tax-dodging --- Tax fraud --- Taxation --- Taxation, Evasion of --- Corporate crime --- Crimes, Financial --- Financial crimes --- Offenses affecting the public trade --- Business organizations --- Businesses --- Companies --- Enterprises --- Firms --- Organizations, Business --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Evasion --- Deception --- Torts --- Hoaxes --- Impostors and imposture --- Public welfare --- Swindlers and swindling --- Alien detention centers --- Human smuggling --- White collar crimes --- Crime --- Business --- E-books --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving --- Undocumented immigrants. --- Undocumented immigrants --- Noncitizens. --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Non-citizens --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons --- Illegal immigration. --- Undocumented Immigrants --- Children of illegal aliens --- Illegal alien children --- Irregular migration --- Unauthorized immigration --- Undocumented immigration --- Women illegal aliens --- Emigration and immigration --- Noncitizen detention centers

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Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. This second edition uses new data to reassess currency demand and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in 151 developing, transition, and OECD countries. This updated edition argues that during the 2000s the average size of the shadow economy varied from 19 per cent of GDP for OECD countries, to 30 per cent for transition countries, to 45 per cent for developing countries. It examines the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach to explain deviant behaviour that combines findings from economic, sociological, and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation and social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities, and the decline of the tax morale are all driving forces behind this growth, and they propose a reform of state public institutions in order to improve the dynamics of the official economy.

Informal sector (Economics) --- Business enterprises --- Commercial crimes. --- Tax evasion. --- Illegal aliens. --- Welfare fraud. --- Fraud. --- Corrupt practices. --- Commercial fraud --- Deceit --- Misrepresentation (Crime) --- Commercial crimes --- Deception --- Torts --- Hoaxes --- Impostors and imposture --- Fraud --- Public welfare --- Swindlers and swindling --- Aliens --- Aliens, Illegal --- Illegal aliens --- Illegal immigrants --- Illegal immigration --- Undocumented aliens --- Alien detention centers --- Human smuggling --- Evasion, Fiscal --- Fiscal evasion --- Tax avoidance --- Tax delinquency --- Tax-dodging --- Tax fraud --- Taxation --- Taxation, Evasion of --- White collar crimes --- Corporate crime --- Crimes, Financial --- Financial crimes --- Offenses affecting the public trade --- Crime --- Business organizations --- Businesses --- Companies --- Enterprises --- Firms --- Organizations, Business --- Business --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Artisans --- Economics --- Small business --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Evasion --- Undocumented immigrants. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Undocumented immigrants --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.208 --- 343.35 --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving --- Noncitizens. --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Non-citizens --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons --- Illegal immigration. --- Children of illegal aliens --- Illegal alien children --- Irregular migration --- Unauthorized immigration --- Undocumented immigration --- Women illegal aliens --- Emigration and immigration --- Noncitizen detention centers

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Suite à l'adoption du sixth pack (six actes législatifs destinés à rendre la gouvernance économique plus rigoureuse dans l'UE), la Belgique fait de la lutte contre la fraude sociale et fiscale son « fer de lance ».La possibilité de disposer pour les autorités judiciaires, pour l'autorité administrative compétente, mais aussi pour les services d'inspection ou de contrôle, de l'ensemble des incriminations, de leurs éléments constitutifs et de leurs sanctions constitue un instrument efficient qui permet d'améliorer le traitement des dossiers, de leurs instructions ainsi que de leurs jugements.C

Social law. Labour law --- Belgium --- Strafrecht : Fraude --- Juridische aspecten : Sociaal recht - algemeen --- Droit pénal : Fraude --- Aspects juridiques : Droit social - généralités --- E-books --- Droit social --- Fraude à la sécurité sociale --- Contentieux de la sécurité sociale --- Social legislation --- Criminal provisions --- Welfare fraud --- Fraud --- Labor laws and legislation --- Sanctions (Law) --- Fraude --- Travail --- Sanctions (Droit) --- Criminal provisions. --- Droit pénal --- EPUB-ALPHA-I EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 349.1 --- 343.35 --- Sociale wetgeving --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving --- BPB --- droit social --- infraction --- offence --- infracțiuni --- кривично дело --- overtreding --- infração --- reat --- lagöverträdelse --- trestný čin --- strafbare Handlung --- büntetendő cselekmény --- vepër penale --- lovovertrædelse --- infracción --- rikkomus --- nusikalstama veika --- nodarījums --- süütegu --- παράβαση --- нарушение --- kaznivo dejanje --- казниво дело --- kazneno djelo --- reato --- przestępstwo --- Gesetzesübertretung --- crimen --- delitto --- priestupok --- mishandeling --- vergrijp --- breach of the law --- violação da lei --- ποινικό αδίκημα --- kriminālpārkāpums --- contravention --- porušení zákona --- noziegums --- violazione della legge --- Vergehen --- voldeligt overfald --- strafbar handling --- Zuwiderhandlung --- wetsschennis --- crimine --- pisirikkumine --- vétség --- bűntett --- infracção --- misdrijf --- kršenje zakona --- retsbrud --- shkelje e ligjit --- lain rikkominen --- contravvenzione --- förbrytelse --- õiguserikkumine --- Vorschriftswidrigkeit --- přečin --- crime --- legemsbeskadigelse --- delict --- Gesetzesverletzung --- forseelse --- överträdelse --- kuritegu --- lakše kazneno djelo --- įstatymo pažeidimas --- violation de la loi --- délit --- πλημμέλημα --- έγκλημα --- väärinkäytös --- încălcarea legii --- contravención --- jogsértés --- тешко кривично дело --- povreda zakona --- petty offence --- seaduserikkumine --- zločin --- kundërvajtje --- a crime --- Delikt --- деликт --- forbrydelse --- prekršaj --- porušenie zákona --- pārkāpums --- kriminálny čin --- rikos --- κακούργημα --- falta --- Rechtsverletzung --- förseelse --- Verstoß gegen das Gesetz --- misdemeanour --- nesunkus nusikaltimas --- grovt brott --- violación de la ley --- prečin --- vähäinen rikkomus --- brott --- krime të lehta --- törvénysértés --- лесно кривично дело --- πταίσμα --- παράβαση του νόμου --- delito --- Verbrechen --- contravenție --- socialinė teisė --- legjislacion social --- socialret --- социјално право --- prawo socjalne --- diritto sociale --- Sozialrecht --- sotsiaalõigusaktid --- социално право --- sosiaalilainsäädäntö --- socijalno zakonodavstvo --- szociális jogszabályok --- sociālo tiesību akti --- sociaal recht --- sociallagstiftning --- socialna zakonodaja --- direito social --- социјално законодавство --- legislație socială --- κοινωνικό δίκαιο --- social legislation --- Derecho social --- leġiżlazzjoni soċjali --- sociálna legislatíva --- sociální právo --- sociální zákony --- sociālā likumdošana --- normativa sociale --- szociális jog --- sociale wetgeving --- sociálně-právní legislativa --- κοινωνική νομοθεσία --- législation sociale --- tiesību akti sociālajā jomā --- legislación social --- reglamentación social --- sociallovgivning --- Sozialgesetzgebung --- legislação social --- legislazione sociale --- Belgique --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- België --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- Comité P --- STRADALEX --- cion --- reachtaíocht shóisialta --- Labor laws and legislation.