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Nowadays, renewable energy plays an important role in our daily lives. This Special Issue addresses the current trend in the use of renewable energy in South Korea. The first aspect is a renewable-based power system, where both main and ancillary supplies are sourced from renewable energies; the second aspect is a distribution network for renewable energy; and the last aspect is a nanogrid network technology. Renewable energy requires many innovations over existing power infrastructure and regulation. These articles show the changing trend in various sectors in Korea.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- nature-inspired optimization --- root tree algorithm (RTO) --- time multiplier setting (TMS) --- overcurrent relay (OCR) --- protection scheme --- eco-friendly --- renewable energy --- energy subsidies --- SEMS --- South Korea --- design prototype --- toilet design --- collaboration with scientists --- interdisciplinary convergence --- natural resource --- feces --- optimal design --- photovoltaic system --- renewables --- residential building --- renewable portfolio standard --- renewable energy certificate --- wind farm --- energy storage system --- variation criteria --- mixed integer linear programming --- frequency regulation --- economic benefits --- price forecast --- electricity market operation --- bi-level optimization model --- cooperation --- distributed energy resource --- distribution network --- energy band --- microgrid --- modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II --- demand response --- demand-side management solution --- electricity market --- energy management --- n/a

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Energy efficiency and low-carbon technologies are key contributors to curtailing the emission of greenhouse gases that continue to cause global warming. The efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions also strongly affect electrical power systems. Renewable sources, storage systems, and flexible loads provide new system controls, but power system operators and utilities have to deal with their fluctuating nature, limited storage capabilities, and typically higher infrastructure complexity with a growing number of heterogeneous components. In addition to the technological change of new components, the liberalization of energy markets and new regulatory rules bring contextual change that necessitates the restructuring of the design and operation of future energy systems. Sophisticated component design methods, intelligent information and communication architectures, automation and control concepts, new and advanced markets, as well as proper standards are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of such intelligent power systems that form smart grids. Due to the considerably higher complexity of such cyber-physical energy systems, constituting the power system, automation, protection, information and communication technology (ICT), and system services, it is expected that the design and validation of smart-grid configurations will play a major role in future technology and system developments. However, an integrated approach for the design and evaluation of smart-grid configurations incorporating these diverse constituent parts remains evasive. The currently available validation approaches focus mainly on component-oriented methods. In order to guarantee a sustainable, affordable, and secure supply of electricity through the transition to a future smart grid with considerably higher complexity and innovation, new design, validation, and testing methods appropriate for cyber-physical systems are required. Therefore, this book summarizes recent research results and developments related to the design and validation of smart grid systems.

web of cells --- IHE --- distribution grid --- accuracy --- use cases --- Development --- synchrophasors --- underground cabling --- solar photovoltaics (PV) --- laboratory testbed --- conceptual structuration --- Quasi-Dynamic Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop --- coupling method --- time synchronization --- smart energy systems --- substation automation system (SAS) --- testing --- investment --- time delay --- interface algorithm (IA) --- PHIL (power hardware in the loop) --- network outage --- operational range of PHIL --- wind power --- elastic demand bids --- Model-Based Software Engineering --- Enterprise Architecture Management --- plug-in electric vehicle --- Smart Grid Architecture Model --- linear/switching amplifier --- pricing scheme --- average consensus --- traffic reduction technique --- cell --- gazelle --- smart grids control strategies --- real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experiments --- 4G Long Term Evolution—LTE --- power loss allocation --- cyber-physical energy system --- experimentation --- microgrid --- resilience --- integration profiles --- remuneration scheme --- renewable energy sources --- shiftable loads --- droop control --- Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop --- peer-to-peer --- validation techniques for innovative smart grid solutions --- frequency containment control (FCC) --- synchronous power system --- power frequency characteristic --- development and implementation methods for smart grid technologies --- cascading procurement --- IEC 62559 --- device-to-device communication --- DC link --- validation and testing --- information and communication technology --- TOGAF --- battery energy storage system (BESS) --- active distribution network --- stability --- Validation --- synchronized measurements --- Architecture --- locational marginal prices --- SGAM --- network reconfiguration --- interoperability --- seamless communications --- fault management --- real-time simulation --- System-of-Systems --- market design elements --- micro combined heat and power (micro-CHP) --- co-simulation-based assessment methods --- islanded operation --- connectathon --- Software-in-the-Loop --- voltage control --- electricity distribution --- distribution phasor measurement units --- centralised control --- data mining --- robust optimization --- modelling and simulation of smart grid systems --- hardware-in-the-Loop --- smart grids --- cyber physical co-simulation --- design --- decentralised energy system --- procurement scheme --- Smart Grid --- smart grid --- distributed control --- fuzzy logic --- Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) --- simulation initialization --- multi-agent system --- adaptive control --- real-time balancing market --- co-simulation --- optimal reserve allocation --- Web-of-Cells --- Hardware-in-the-Loop --- micro-synchrophasors --- linear decision rules --- synchronization --- hardware-in-the-loop --- PMU --- high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) --- market design --- demand response

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This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.

n/a --- Stackelberg game --- MILP --- optimal congestion threshold --- magnetic field mitigation --- simulation --- multi-objective particle swarm optimization --- virtual power plant --- internal defect --- day-ahead load forecasting --- neural network --- modular predictor --- multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm --- stochastic optimization --- dragonfly algorithm --- unit commitment --- metaheuristic --- multi-population method (MP) --- optimization --- tabu search --- considerable decomposition --- loss minimization --- active distribution system --- islanded microgrid --- dynamic solving framework --- feature selection --- electric energy costs --- power factor compensation --- dependability --- interactive load --- overhead --- energy internet --- evolutionary computation --- wind power --- developed grew wolf optimizer --- underground --- ETAP --- fuzzy algorithm --- electric vehicles --- Schwarz’s equation --- evolutionary algorithms --- electric power contracts --- congestion management --- optimizing-scenarios method --- building energy management system --- particle encoding method --- ringdown detection --- HOMER software --- DC optimal power flow --- prosumer --- constrained parameter estimation --- distributed generations (DGs) --- strong track filter (STF) --- transient stability --- calibration --- cost minimization --- radiance --- decentralized and collaborative optimization --- hybrid renewable energy system --- renewable energy sources --- rural electrification --- distribution network reconfiguration --- interval variables --- optimization methods --- particle swarm optimization --- hierarchical scheduling --- micro grid --- AC/DC hybrid active distribution --- consensus --- artificial bee colony --- CCHP system --- data center --- support vector machine --- affinity propagation clustering --- extended Kalman filter --- affine arithmetic --- linear discriminant analysis (LDA) --- current margins --- heterogeneous networks --- Cameroon --- hybrid method --- distributed heat-electricity energy management --- discrete wind driven optimization --- fitness function --- cross-entropy --- GenOpt --- wind energy --- demand uncertainty --- UC --- off-design performance --- genetic algorithm --- energy storage --- the biomimetic membrane computing --- power system optimization --- electric vehicle --- power architectures --- economic load dispatch problem (ELD) --- runner-root algorithm (RRA) --- Cable joint --- battery energy storage system --- load curtailment --- integration assessment --- power system unit commitment --- artificial lighting --- power flow --- hybrid membrane computing --- two-point estimation method --- low-voltage networks --- demand bidding --- non-sinusoidal circuits --- energy flow model --- power transfer distribution factors --- sustainability --- HVAC system --- voltage deviation --- street light points --- radial basis function --- energy storage system --- charging/discharging --- power systems --- intelligent scatter search --- MV/LV substation --- optimal power flow --- stochastic state estimation --- eight searching sub-regions --- chaos optimization algorithm (COA) --- mutual information theory --- inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) --- C&I particle swarm optimization --- multiobjective optimization --- passive shielding --- sub-Saharan Africa --- micro-phasor measurement unit --- geometric algebra --- bio-inspired algorithms --- adaptive consensus algorithm --- energy management --- PCS efficiency --- multi-stakeholders --- generalized generation distribution factors --- the genetic algorithm based P system --- JAYA algorithm --- thermal probability density --- power optimization --- pumped-hydro energy storage --- smart grid --- two-stage feature selection --- piecewise linear techniques --- photovoltaic --- SOCP relaxations --- switched reluctance machine (SRM) --- optimal reactive power dispatch --- optimal operation --- controllable response --- off-grid --- active shielding --- transformer-fault diagnosis --- IEEE Std. 80-2000 --- principal component analysis --- demand response --- Schwarz's equation

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Cet ouvrage étudie la manière dont le contrat de franchise est réglementé ainsi que la manière dont les cours et tribunaux analysent les contrats qui leur sont soumis.

Commercial law --- Economic law --- Belgium --- Droit commercial --- Concessions (commerce de détail) --- Circuits de distribution --- Commerce --- Droit. --- Droit --- Réglementation. --- Franchises [Retail trade ] --- Law and legislation --- Franchises (Retail trade) --- Contracts (Commercial law) --- Concessions (Commerce de détail) --- Contrats (Droit commercial) --- E-books --- franchising --- droit commercial --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 340.4 --- N13 - Répertoire pratique de droit belge --- handelsrecht --- Juridische encyclopedieën. Wetboeken en repertoria (zuiver recht) --- Franchisage --- Distribution commerciale --- saincheadú --- франшизинг --- toimilupa --- franchise --- δικαιόχρηση --- franquicia comercial --- franšizing --- franshizë --- франчайзинг --- Franchising --- frankiġja --- franciză --- франшиза --- franšizės paslaugos --- frantsiis --- komercpilnvarošana --- franchising-aftale --- Franchise-Vertrag --- franchising-salg --- contract de franciză --- продажба на франшиза --- išimtinė sutartis --- contratto di franchising --- prodaja franšize --- договор за франшиза --- franchise contract --- frantsiisileping --- Franchise-Vertrieb --- franšizni ugovor --- franšīzes līgums --- dohoda o franšíze --- frančizės sutartis --- affiliazione commerciale --- licença --- franchise-megállapodás --- franchisingavtal --- franchising-contract --- contrato de franquicia --- venda em franquia --- vendita in franchising --- Franchise --- franquia --- franquicia --- contrato de franchising --- kontratë franshize --- franchigia --- contrat de franchisage --- franchise-szerződés --- franšizingová smlouva --- φραντσάιζινγκ --- distribuição comercial --- distribuce --- distribuzione commerciale --- sadales tirdzniecība --- turustamine --- distributive trades --- veprimtari tregtare shpërndarëse --- distributivna trgovina --- делатност дистрибуције --- commerciële distributie --- distribución comercial --- comerț distributiv --- zbyt --- Vertrieb --- negozju distributtiv --- platinimas --- kaupallinen jakelu --- varedistribution --- εμπορική διανομή --- varudistribution --- distribučný obchod --- дистрибутивна трговија --- elosztó kereskedelem --- дистрибуторска търговия --- distribucija in prodaja --- myyntiverkosto --- διάρθρωση διανομής --- structură de distribuție --- distribuční politika --- distribuční cesty --- estructura de distribución --- distributionsstruktur --- prodejní síť --- predajná sieť --- distributionspolitik --- Vertriebspolitik --- prekių platinimo politika --- distributionsorganisation --- salgskanal --- politica di distribuzione --- дистрибутивна политика --- rețea de distribuție --- distribution policy --- trgovačka distribucija --- terjesztés --- rrjet i shpërndarjes --- kaubandusvõrk --- jakeluverkko --- Vertriebsweg --- strukturë e shpërndarjes --- structure de distribution --- Absatzweg --- prekybos tinklas --- politikë e shpërndarjes --- política de distribuição --- distributivna mreža --- rrjet i shitjes --- elosztás és forgalmazás --- distribution network --- canale di distribuzione --- handelsorganisatie --- distribučná štruktúra --- negócio --- jakelupolitiikka --- prodajna mreža --- verkoopnet --- terjesztési hálózat --- distributionsnät --- circuito de distribución --- πολιτική διανομής --- distributiestructuur --- sales network --- jaotuspoliitika --- elosztó hálózat --- försäljningsnät --- parduotuvių tinklas --- κύκλωμα πώλησης --- distribuční síť --- obchodní síť --- prekių platinimo struktūra --- handelsorganisation --- circuit de distribution --- prekių platinimo tinklas --- комерцијална дистрибуција --- organizzazione commerciale --- jakelurakenne --- politique de distribution --- distributionsnet --- política de distribución --- distribučná sieť --- struktura distribuční sítě --- struttura distributiva --- turustusvõrk --- κύκλωμα διανομής --- circuit de vente --- distributiebeleid --- продажна мрежа --- rete di distribuzione --- rețea de vânzări --- terjesztéspolitika --- distribution structure --- rete di vendita --- circuito di distribuzione --- circuito de distribuição --- дистрибутивен канал --- дистрибутивна мрежа --- distributionskanal --- circuito di vendita --- circuito de venta --- estrutura de distribuição --- circuito de venda --- distribučná politika --- müügivõrgustik --- Vertriebsstruktur --- canal de distribución --- canal de comercialización --- distributienet --- odbytová síť --- trádálacha imdháilte --- Belgique --- Concessions (commerce de détail) --- Réglementation. --- Réglementation

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The editors of this Special Issue titled “Intelligent Control in Energy Systems” have attempted to create a book containing original technical articles addressing various elements of intelligent control in energy systems. In response to our call for papers, we received 60 submissions. Of those submissions, 27 were published and 33 were rejected. In this book, we offer the 27 accepted technical articles as well as one editorial. Authors from 15 countries (China, Netherlands, Spain, Tunisia, United Sates of America, Korea, Brazil, Egypt, Denmark, Indonesia, Oman, Canada, Algeria, Mexico, and the Czech Republic) elaborate on several aspects of intelligent control in energy systems. The book covers a broad range of topics including fuzzy PID in automotive fuel cell and MPPT tracking, neural networks for fuel cell control and dynamic optimization of energy management, adaptive control on power systems, hierarchical Petri Nets in microgrid management, model predictive control for electric vehicle battery and frequency regulation in HVAC systems, deep learning for power consumption forecasting, decision trees for wind systems, risk analysis for demand side management, finite state automata for HVAC control, robust ?-synthesis for microgrids, and neuro-fuzzy systems in energy storage.

energy management system --- artificial neural network --- control architecture --- intelligent buildings --- sensitivity analysis --- neural networks --- active balance --- photovoltaic system --- fast frequency response --- artificial intelligence --- MPPT operation --- model uncertainty --- load frequency control --- decision tree --- multi-agent control --- hybrid power plant --- Fault Ride Through Capability --- optimization --- small scale compressed air energy storage (SS-CAES) --- smart micro-grid --- current distortion --- hybrid electric vehicle --- parameter estimation --- railway --- ANFIS --- solar monitoring system --- urban microgrids --- phase-load balancing --- model reduction --- high-speed railway --- energy internet --- coordination of reserves --- differential evolution --- photovoltaic array --- ancillary service --- adjacent areas --- instantaneous optimization minimum power loss --- model predictive control --- HVAC systems --- sliding mode control --- MPPT: maximum power point tracking --- power oscillations --- thyristor --- interaction minimization --- occupancy model --- fuzzy logic controller --- power transformer winding --- RLS --- integrated energy systems --- vibration characteristics --- battery safety --- error estimation --- error compensation --- static friction --- convolutional neural network --- forecasting --- continuous voltage control --- medium voltage --- bridgeless SEPIC PFC converter --- building climate control --- PEM fuel cell --- proton exchange membrane fuel cell --- compound structured permanent-magnet motor --- occupancy-based control --- four phases interleaved boost converter --- long short term memory --- line switching --- lithium-ion battery pack --- back propagation (BP) neural network --- doubly-fed induction generator --- double forgetting factors --- current controller design --- repetitive controller --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve system --- neural network controller --- step-up boost converter --- internal short circuit resistance --- electric power consumption --- electric vehicle --- multiphysical field analysis --- energy efficiency --- multi-energy complementary --- system identification --- ?-synthesis --- network sensitivity --- intelligent control --- ?-class function --- frequency support --- multi-step forecasting --- frequency containment reserve --- orthogonal least square --- rule-based control --- industrial process --- hierarchical Petri nets --- wind integrated power system --- probabilistic power flow --- voltage controlling --- adaptive backstepping --- AC-DC converters --- line loss --- demand side management --- energy systems --- short-circuit experiment --- winding-fault characteristics --- neutral section --- stochastic power system operating point drift --- neural network algorithm --- operation limit violations --- fractional order fuzzy PID controller --- preventive control --- AC static switch --- battery packs --- model-based fault detection --- automotive application --- nonlinear power systems --- adaptive damping control --- pilot point --- energy management --- position control --- frequency control dead band --- fuzzy --- voltage violations --- distribution network planning --- frequency regulation --- energy management strategy --- multiple-point control --- electric meter --- polynomial expansion --- commercial/residential buildings --- system modelling --- three-stage --- soft internal short circuit --- demand response