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Chemical engineering. --- Electric power-plants --- Energy dissipation --- Energy dissipation. --- Efficiency. --- Prevention.

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Energy dissipation --- Entropy --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Water Management --- Hydraulics --- Hydrology --- Water --- Congresses. --- Congresses. --- Hydrology. --- Congresses. --- Congresses. --- Thermal properties --- Congresses.

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Devastating seismic events occurring all over the world keep raising the awareness of the scientific, technical and political communities to the need of identifying assets at risk and developing more effective and cost-efficient seismic risk mitigation strategies. Significant advances in earthquake engineering research have been achieved with the rise of new technologies and techniques with potential use in risk assessment, management and mitigation. Nevertheless, there is still much to be done, particularly with regard to existing buildings, most of them built without anti-seismic provisions. The wide variety of construction and structural systems, associated with the complex behaviour of their materials, greatly limit the application of current codes and building standards to the existing building stock. To tackle this issue, there is a fundamental need for developing multidisciplinary research that can lead to the development of more sophisticated and reliable methods of analysis, as well as to improved seismic retrofitting techniques compliant with buildings conservation principles. This book intends to contribute to the aforementioned goal by stimulating the exchange of ideas and knowledge on the assessment and reduction of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings. 10 high quality contributions authored by international experts from Italy, Portugal, Morocco, Nepal, Czech Republic and Spain are included herein. All contributions pursue the protection of existing buildings by considering the most updated methods and advanced solutions emerging from different fields of expertise.

brittle failure --- earthquakes scenarios --- n/a --- FRP --- joints --- neural networks --- pushover --- seismic performance --- infilled frames --- carpentry halved joint --- inter-storey drift --- safety assessment --- seismic risk --- high-rise RC --- discrete elements --- seismic vulnerability assessment --- limit analysis --- seismic capacity --- Geo-hazard site effects --- automatic protocols --- numerical modelling --- seismic retrofit --- retrofit --- numerical modeling --- Imzouren --- finite element modelling --- Expected damage scenario --- masonry structures --- large-scale vulnerability analysis --- seismic restoration --- vulnerability assessment --- earthquakes --- unreinforced masonry structure --- frame-infill interaction --- CARTIS form --- seismic analysis --- nonlinear static analysis --- Seismic attenuation law --- seismic behavior --- seismic retrofitting --- damage assessment --- capacity curves --- energy dissipation --- mobile-device applications --- in situ structural diagnosis --- vulnerability index --- Vulnerability assessment --- GIS mapping --- Gorkha earthquake

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Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices are widely used for inertia, pressure, and ultrasound sensing applications. Research on integrated MEMS technology has undergone extensive development driven by the requirements of a compact footprint, low cost, and increased functionality. Accelerometers are among the most widely used sensors implemented in MEMS technology. MEMS accelerometers are showing a growing presence in almost all industries ranging from automotive to medical. A traditional MEMS accelerometer employs a proof mass suspended to springs, which displaces in response to an external acceleration. A single proof mass can be used for one- or multi-axis sensing. A variety of transduction mechanisms have been used to detect the displacement. They include capacitive, piezoelectric, thermal, tunneling, and optical mechanisms. Capacitive accelerometers are widely used due to their DC measurement interface, thermal stability, reliability, and low cost. However, they are sensitive to electromagnetic field interferences and have poor performance for high-end applications (e.g., precise attitude control for the satellite). Over the past three decades, steady progress has been made in the area of optical accelerometers for high-performance and high-sensitivity applications but several challenges are still to be tackled by researchers and engineers to fully realize opto-mechanical accelerometers, such as chip-scale integration, scaling, low bandwidth, etc.

micromachining --- n/a --- turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) piezoresistive sensor chip --- WiFi-RSSI radio map --- step detection --- built-in self-test --- regularity of activity --- motion analysis --- gait analysis --- frequency --- acceleration --- MEMS accelerometer --- zero-velocity update --- rehabilitation assessment --- vacuum microelectronic --- dance classification --- Kerr noise --- MEMS --- micro machining --- MEMS sensors --- stereo visual-inertial odometry --- self-coaching --- miniaturization --- wavelet packet --- three-axis acceleration sensor --- MEMS-IMU accelerometer --- performance characterization --- electrostatic stiffness --- delaying mechanism --- three-axis accelerometer --- angular-rate sensing --- indoor positioning --- whispering-gallery-mode --- sensitivity --- heat convection --- multi-axis sensing --- L-shaped beam --- stride length estimation --- activity monitoring --- process optimization --- mismatch of parasitic capacitance --- electromechanical delta-sigma --- cathode tips array --- in situ self-testing --- high acceleration sensor --- deep learning --- marine environmental monitoring --- accelerometer --- fault tolerant --- hostile environment --- micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) --- low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) --- classification of horse gaits --- Taguchi method --- interface ASIC --- capacitive transduction --- digital resonator --- safety and arming system --- inertial sensors --- MEMS technology --- sleep time duration detection --- field emission --- probe --- piezoresistive effect --- capacitive accelerometer --- auto-encoder --- MEMS-IMU --- body sensor network --- optical microresonator --- wireless --- hybrid integrated --- mode splitting

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The theory around the concept of finite time describes how processes of any nature can be optimized in situations when their rate is required to be non-negligible, i.e., they must come to completion in a finite time. What the theory makes explicit is “the cost of haste”. Intuitively, it is quite obvious that you drive your car differently if you want to reach your destination as quickly as possible as opposed to the case when you are running out of gas. Finite-time thermodynamics quantifies such opposing requirements and may provide the optimal control to achieve the best compromise. The theory was initially developed for heat engines (steam, Otto, Stirling, a.o.) and for refrigerators, but it has by now evolved into essentially all areas of dynamic systems from the most abstract ones to the most practical ones. The present collection shows some fascinating current examples.

Economics, finance, business & management --- macroentropy --- microentropy --- endoreversible engine --- reversible computing --- Landauer’s principle --- piston motion optimization --- endoreversible thermodynamics --- stirling engine --- irreversibility --- power --- efficiency --- optimization --- generalized radiative heat transfer law --- optimal motion path --- maximum work output --- elimination method --- finite time thermodynamics --- thermodynamics --- economics --- optimal processes --- n/a --- averaged --- heat transfer --- cyclic mode --- simulation --- modeling --- reconstruction --- nonequilibrium thermodynamics --- entropy production --- contact temperature --- quantum thermodynamics --- maximum power --- shortcut to adiabaticity --- quantum friction --- Otto cycle --- quantum engine --- quantum refrigerator --- finite-time thermodynamics --- sulfuric acid decomposition --- tubular plug-flow reactor --- entropy generation rate --- SO2 yield --- multi-objective optimization --- optimal control --- thermodynamic cycles --- thermodynamic length --- hydrogen atom --- nano-size engines --- a-thermal cycle --- heat engines --- cooling --- very long timescales --- slow time --- ideal gas law --- new and modified variables --- Silicon–Germanium alloys --- minimum of thermal conductivity --- efficiency of thermoelectric systems --- minimal energy dissipation --- radiative energy transfer --- radiative entropy transfer --- two-stream grey atmosphere --- energy flux density --- entropy flux density --- generalized winds --- conservatively perturbed equilibrium --- extreme value --- momentary equilibrium --- information geometry of thermodynamics --- thermodynamic curvature --- critical phenomena --- binary fluids --- van der Waals equation --- quantum heat engine --- carnot cycle --- otto cycle --- multiobjective optimization --- Pareto front --- stability --- maximum power regime --- entropy behavior --- biophysics --- biochemistry --- dynamical systems --- diversity --- complexity --- path information --- calorimetry --- entropy flow --- biological communities --- reacting systems --- Landauer's principle --- Silicon-Germanium alloys