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The health systems we enjoy today, and expected medical advances in the future, will be difficult to finance from public resources without major reforms. Public health spending in OECD countries has grown rapidly over most of the last half century. These spending increases have contributed to important progress in population health: for example, life expectancy at birth has increased, rising on average by ten years since 1970. The challenge now is to sustain and enhance these achievements in a context of tight fiscal constraints in many countries combined with upward pressure on health spending from factors such as new technological advances and demographic changes. Finding policies that can make health spending more sustainable without compromising important achievements in access and quality requires effective co-operation between health and finance ministries. Sound governance and co-ordination mechanisms are therefore essential to ensure effective policy choices. Prepared by both public finance and health experts, this report provides a unique detailed overview of institutional frameworks for financing health care in OECD countries. One of the main features of this book is a comprehensive mapping of budgeting practices and governance structure in health across OECD countries.

Health Policy --- Public Policy --- Social Control Policies --- Policy --- Social Control, Formal --- Sociology --- Social Sciences --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- General Social Development and Population --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Policies --- Control Policies, Social --- Control Policy, Social --- Policies, Social Control --- Policy, Social Control --- Social Control Policy --- Migration Policy --- Population Policy --- Social Protection --- Social Policy --- Migration Policies --- Policies, Migration --- Policies, Population --- Policies, Public --- Policies, Social --- Policy, Migration --- Policy, Population --- Policy, Public --- Policy, Social --- Population Policies --- Protection, Social --- Public Policies --- Social Policies --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policies, National --- Health Policy, National --- National Health Policies --- Policies, Health --- Policies, National Health --- Policy, Health --- Policy, National Health --- Policy Making --- Affirmative Action --- Action, Affirmative --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Healthcare Policy --- Healthcare Policies --- Policy, Healthcare --- Medical economics --- Medical policy --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medical care --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Economics, Medical --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medicine --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- OECD countries. --- OECD member countries --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries

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Licensure, Medical --- Complementary Therapies --- Licensure --- Therapeutics --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Credentialing --- Social Control, Formal --- Quality Assurance, Health Care --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Health Care --- Alternative Medicine --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Care Quality Assessment --- Health Care Quality Assurance --- Healthcare Quality Assessment --- Healthcare Quality Assurance --- Quality Assessment, Healthcare --- Quality Assurance, Healthcare --- Quality Assessment, Health Care --- Assessment, Healthcare Quality --- Assessments, Healthcare Quality --- Assurance, Healthcare Quality --- Assurances, Healthcare Quality --- Healthcare Quality Assessments --- Healthcare Quality Assurances --- Quality Assessments, Healthcare --- Quality Assurances, Healthcare --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Licensing --- Permits --- Institutional Personnel Licensure --- Licenses --- Licensure, Institutional, Personnel --- Institutional Personnel Licensures --- License --- Licensure, Institutional Personnel --- Licensures --- Licensures, Institutional Personnel --- Permit --- Personnel Licensure, Institutional --- Personnel Licensures, Institutional --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Alternative Therapies --- Therapy, Alternative --- Therapy, Complementary --- Complementary Medicine --- Medicine, Alternative --- Medicine, Complementary --- Therapies, Alternative --- Therapies, Complementary --- Medical Licensure --- therapy --- Public Policy --- Accreditation --- Certification --- Legislation as Topic --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic

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Trafficking of persons is a modern-day form of slavery, threatening the dignity and security of millions of people throughout the world. Virtually every country in the world and every state of India is affected by this crime as a place of origin, transit or destination for victims. This book is an attempt to discuss various issues of human trafficking, including perspectives of various stakeholders. The book argues that crime cannot be dealt with only by applying piecemeal tactics. Instead, it will require an organised professional, multi-disciplinary and multi-agency approach, calling for

Human trafficking --- Human Rights --- Social Control, Formal --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Sociology --- Social Sciences --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Gender Studies & Sexuality --- Gender & Ethnic Studies --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- General Social Development and Population --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Public Policy --- Collective Human Rights --- Equal Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Linguistic --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Forced prostitution (Human trafficking) --- People trafficking --- Sex trafficking --- Traffic in persons --- Trafficking in human beings --- Trafficking in persons --- White slave traffic --- White slavery --- Sex crimes --- White slave traffic (Human trafficking) --- White slavery (Human trafficking) --- Offenses against the person

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"Rich collection of articles by anthropologists, economists, historians, physicians, and sociologists reflects on the complexity and diversity of issues associated with women's participation in traditional and non-traditional socio-cultural roles in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Issues addressed include the relationship between illness and pregnancy in different ethnic groups within both urban and rural areas, female participation in civil society, and violence in gender relations"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.

Women --- Social conditions. --- Health and hygiene --- Social Conditions --- Women's Rights --- Women's Health --- Health --- Human Rights --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Sociology --- Social Control, Formal --- Social Sciences --- Population Characteristics --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Health Care --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- General Social Development and Population --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Equal Rights --- Equal Right --- Human Right --- Right, Equal --- Right, Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Human --- Normalcy --- Normality --- Normalities --- Woman's Health --- Womens Health --- Health, Woman's --- Health, Women's --- Health, Womens --- Woman's Rights --- Women's Status --- Women's Liberation --- Liberation, Women's --- Right, Woman's --- Right, Women's --- Rights, Woman's --- Rights, Women's --- Status, Women's --- Woman Rights --- Woman's Right --- Women Status --- Women's Right --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Inequalities --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequality --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Public Policy --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Economics --- Collective Human Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Linguistic --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Social Inequalities --- Social Inequality --- Inequalities, Social --- Inequality, Social --- Living Conditions --- Condition, Living --- Condition, Social --- Conditions, Living --- Conditions, Social --- Living Condition --- Social Condition --- Economic and Social Factors --- Social and Economic Factors --- Socioeconomic Characteristics --- Characteristic, Socioeconomic --- Socioeconomic Characteristic --- Women - Andes Region - Social conditions. --- Women - Health and hygiene - Andes Region. --- Andes --- XXe siècle --- santé --- discrimination sexuelle --- femmes --- hygiène --- conditions de vie --- violence

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At the request of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), RAND researchers undertook a yearlong analysis of the health care system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, with a focus on primary care. RAND staff reviewed available literature on the Kurdistan Region and information relevant to primary care; interviewed a wide range of policy leaders, health practitioners, patients, and government officials to gather information and understand their priorities; collected and studied all available data related to health resources, services, and conditions; and projected future supply and demand for health services in the Kurdistan Region; and laid out the health financing challenges and questions. In this volume, the authors describe the strengths of the health care system in the Kurdistan Region as well as the challenges it faces. The authors suggest that a primary care-oriented health care system could help the KRG address many of these challenges. The authors discuss how such a system might be implemented and financed, and they make recommendations for better utilizing resources to improve the quality, access, effectiveness, and efficiency of primary care.--

Medical care --- Primary care (Medicine) --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Legislation as Topic --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Comprehensive Health Care --- Health Resources --- Patient Care Management --- Delivery of Health Care --- Health Care --- Social Control, Formal --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Services Administration --- Health Manpower --- Health Planning --- Primary Health Care --- Primary Healthcare --- Primary Care --- Care, Primary --- Care, Primary Health --- Health Care, Primary --- Healthcare, Primary --- PL93-641 --- Public Law 93-641 --- Health and Welfare Planning --- National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 --- Planning, Health and Welfare --- State Health Planning, United States --- Planning, Health --- Public Law 93 641 --- Health Workforce --- Manpower, Health --- Manpower, Health Occupations --- Health Occupations Manpower --- Workforce, Health --- Health --- Health Occupations --- Health Personnel --- Medicine --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- Resources --- Health Resource --- Resource --- Resource, Health --- Resources, Health --- Comprehensive Healthcare --- Health Care, Comprehensive --- Healthcare, Comprehensive --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Constitutional Amendments --- Laws and Statutes --- Legislation, Health --- Model Legislation --- Population Law --- Statutes and Laws --- Health Legislation --- Amendment, Constitutional --- Amendments, Constitutional --- Constitutional Amendment --- Law, Population --- Laws, Population --- Legislation, Model --- Population Laws --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Primary medical care --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- manpower --- supply & distribution --- organization & administration --- Planning Techniques --- Public Policy --- Family Practice --- Health Legislation as Topic --- Public health --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Health Planning. --- Primary Health Care. --- Health Information Systems --- Healthcare Financing. --- organization & administration. --- Iraq. --- Health Financing --- Financing, Health --- Financing, Healthcare --- Financings, Health --- Financings, Healthcare --- Health Financings --- Healthcare Financings --- Republic of Iraq --- Access to Primary Care