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Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths around the world. This devastating disease takes strength not only in people who smoke but also in poor people that eat polluted food and use heating sources, and in those exposed naturally to toxic compounds present in indoor and outdoor environments. Lung cancer patients and their families wait actions from the science that give not only answer to their demands but also a light of hope at the moment of receiveing the diagnosis. This book meets the experience of several researchers who dedicate many hours a day to find not only the cure of lung cancer but also the way to convert the pathology of this chronic disease. In 12 chapters, the lectures will give information related to the relationship of lung cancer and smoking habit, the crucial role of the image technology for diagnosis of lung cancer, and a molecular vision of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer. The authors with a clinic and/or lab vision and with a great spirit to collaborate with the science and with each past, present, and future patient and their families have dedicated many hours to write each chapter. Probably, the final answer to find the cure of lung cancer is not in this book. However, the lectures will give scientific information that will contribute in the near future improvement to the life quality of the patients.

Lungs --- Cancer. --- Lung cancer --- Medicine --- Pulmonology --- Internal Medicine --- Health Sciences

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tuberculosis --- respiratory diseases --- lung cancer --- critical care --- interstitial lung diseases --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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The various cell types have traditionally been recognized and classified according to their appearance in the light microscope following the process of fixing, processing, sectioning, and staining tissues that is known as histology. Classical histology has been augmented byimmunohistochemistry (the use of specific antibodies to stain particular molecular species in situ). Immunohistochemistry has allowed the identification of many more cell types than could be visualized by classical histology, particularly in the immune system and among the scattered hormone-secreting cells of the

Molecular genetics. --- Lungs --- Breast --- Immunohistochemistry. --- In situ hybridization. --- Cancer. --- Nucleic acid hybridization --- Immunohistology --- Histochemistry --- Immunochemistry --- Lung cancer --- Genetics --- Molecular biology

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Lungs --- Lung Neoplasms --- Cancer --- Cancer. --- Cancer of the Lung --- Neoplasms, Lung --- Neoplasms, Pulmonary --- Cancer of Lung --- Lung Cancer --- Pulmonary Cancer --- Pulmonary Neoplasms --- Cancer, Lung --- Cancer, Pulmonary --- Cancers, Lung --- Cancers, Pulmonary --- Lung Cancers --- Lung Neoplasm --- Neoplasm, Lung --- Neoplasm, Pulmonary --- Pulmonary Cancers --- Pulmonary Neoplasm --- Lung cancer --- Lung --- Cardiopulmonary system --- Chest --- Respiratory organs --- Health Sciences --- Clinical Medicine --- Oncology

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Tissue fibrosis may occur for unknown causes or be the consequence of many pathological conditions including chronic inflammatory or infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, graft rejection, or malignancy. On the other hand, malignant tumors have been identified in fibrotic tissues decades ago, and now accumulating evidence suggests that fibrotic lesions enhance the risk of cancer in several organs such as liver, lungs, and breast. Disruption of an organ parenchymal cells and of its normal structural scaffold during tissue fibrogenesis appears to induce loss of cell polarity, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation that may eventually lead to cancer development. Many cellular and molecular abnormalities including aberrant expression of microRNAs, genetic and epigenetic alterations, evasion or delayed apoptosis, unregulated intracellular signal pathways, and dysregulation or defective intercellular communications have been proposed to explain this link between fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms of this fibrosis-to-cancer transition remain unclear. This book presents a collection of reviews and original articles summarizing recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer development in fibrotic organs.

bleomycin --- n/a --- regeneration --- antitumor efficacy --- lung cancer --- SOX2 --- leiomyosarcoma --- lung cancer (LC) --- nanoparticles --- cytokines --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- metabolic reprogramming --- hepatic stellate cells --- angiogenesis --- transforming growth factor-? --- anaplastic lymphoma kinase --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis --- growth factor --- pathogenesis --- cancer-associated fibroblasts --- fibrosis --- lipopolysaccharide --- DHA --- lncRNA --- SREBP-1 --- YAP --- protein S --- non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) --- omega-3 fatty acid --- inflammation --- metastasis --- clinical symptoms --- miRNA --- smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential --- Wnt --- interstitial fluid pressure --- heterogeneity --- hepatocytes --- myometrium --- tumor necrosis factor ? --- tumor --- tumor microenvironment --- extracellular matrix --- TAZ --- carcinogenesis --- cystic formation --- pulmonary fibrosis --- HBV --- cytokine --- genetic instability --- diagnosis --- EMT --- crizotinib --- Hippo pathway --- GPR120 --- marker --- HCV --- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis --- pathology --- common pathways --- apoptosis --- type I collagen --- GPR40 --- acute lung injury --- uterine fibroid --- renal injury --- pathophysiology --- reactive oxygen species --- immunohistochemistry --- SMAD --- butylidenephthalide --- leiomyoma --- cirrhosis --- Erk1/2 --- targeted therapy --- TGF-? --- mechanotransduction --- therapy --- breast cancer --- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) --- hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) --- cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) --- cancer --- signal pathway --- tumor stiffness