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Regional documentation --- Zimbabwe --- History --- Sociologie --- Sociology --- 308 <689.1> --- Zimbabwe. --- An tSiombáib --- Cimbabue --- Dēmokratia tēs Zimpampoue --- Government of Zimbabwe --- GOZ (Zimbabwe) --- Jinbabue --- Poblachd Shiombabue --- Repubblica dello Zimbabwe --- Republic of Zimbabwe --- República de Zimbabue --- Republika Zimbabve --- Simbabve --- Simbabwe --- Siombabue --- Yn Çhimbabwe --- Zimbabhue --- Zimbabua --- Zimbabue --- Zimbabvah --- Zimbabve --- Zimbabṿeh --- Zimbabves Republika --- Zīmbābvih --- Zimbabvo --- Zimbabweh --- Zimpampoue --- Ζιμπάμπουε --- Δημοκρατία της Ζιμπάμπουε --- Република Зимбабве --- Зимбабуе --- Зимбабве --- Зімбабве --- זימבבואה --- זימבבווה --- زيمبابوه --- ジンバブエ --- Southern Rhodesia --- AFRIQUE --- ZIMBABWE

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In Zimbabwe, trade has been a driver of economic growth, rising incomes, and progressive empowerment of Zimbabweans through rising standards of living and the promise of better jobs. Since 1980, through good years and bad years, increases in exports have been positively associated with increases in national income. Zimbabwe's location and resource base, together with a low-cost but relatively well educated labor force, have endowed it with a naturally high trade ratio built on a diversified base that facilitates using trade as an engine of growth. While trade volumes have rebounded smartly fro

Industrial policy --- Zimbabwe --- Commerce. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Business --- Industries --- Industry and state --- Economic policy --- Government policy --- An tSiombáib --- Cimbabue --- Dēmokratia tēs Zimpampoue --- Government of Zimbabwe --- GOZ (Zimbabwe) --- Jinbabue --- Poblachd Shiombabue --- Repubblica dello Zimbabwe --- Republic of Zimbabwe --- República de Zimbabue --- Republika Zimbabve --- Simbabve --- Simbabwe --- Siombabue --- Yn Çhimbabwe --- Zimbabhue --- Zimbabua --- Zimbabue --- Zimbabvah --- Zimbabve --- Zimbabṿeh --- Zimbabves Republika --- Zīmbābvih --- Zimbabvo --- Zimbabweh --- Zimpampoue --- Ζιμπάμπουε --- Δημοκρατία της Ζιμπάμπουε --- Република Зимбабве --- Зимбабуе --- Зимбабве --- Зімбабве --- זימבבואה --- זימבבווה --- زيمبابوه --- ジンバブエ --- Southern Rhodesia

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The 'Rhodesian crisis' of the 1960s and 1970s, and the early 1980s crisis of independent Zimbabwe, can be understood against the background of Cold War historical transformations brought on by, among other things, African decolonization in the 1960s; the failure of American power in Vietnam and the rise of Third World political power at the UN and elsewhere. In this African history of the diplomacy of decolonization in Zimbabwe, Timothy Lewis Scarnecchia examines the relationship and rivalry between Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe over many years of diplomacy, and how both leaders took advantage of Cold War racialized thinking about what Zimbabwe should be, including Anglo-American preoccupations with keeping whites from leaving after Independence.

Decolonization. --- Zimbabwe --- History --- Race relations. --- Sovereignty --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Colonization --- Postcolonialism --- Decolonization --- Cold War. --- Foreign relations --- Autonomy and independence movements. --- Race relations --- World politics --- An tSiombáib --- Cimbabue --- Dēmokratia tēs Zimpampoue --- Government of Zimbabwe --- GOZ (Zimbabwe) --- Jinbabue --- Poblachd Shiombabue --- Repubblica dello Zimbabwe --- Republic of Zimbabwe --- República de Zimbabue --- Republika Zimbabve --- Simbabve --- Simbabwe --- Siombabue --- Yn Çhimbabwe --- Zimbabhue --- Zimbabua --- Zimbabue --- Zimbabvah --- Zimbabve --- Zimbabṿeh --- Zimbabves Republika --- Zīmbābvih --- Zimbabvo --- Zimbabweh --- Zimpampoue --- Ζιμπάμπουε --- Δημοκρατία της Ζιμπάμπουε --- Република Зимбабве --- Зимбабуе --- Зимбабве --- Зімбабве --- זימבבואה --- זימבבווה --- زيمبابوه --- ジンバブエ --- Southern Rhodesia

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Making use of archival documents, period newspapers, and oral interviews, 'African Police and Soldiers in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1923-80' examines the ambiguous experience of black security personnel, police, and soldiers in white-ruled Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) from 1923 through independence and majority rule in 1980. Across the continent, European colonial rule could not have been maintained without African participation in the police and army. In Southern Rhodesia, lack of white manpower meant that despite fear of mutiny, blacks played an increasingly prominent role in law enforcement and military operations and from World War II constituted a strong majority within the regular security forces. Despite danger, Africans volunteered for the police and army during colonial rule for a variety of reasons, including the prestige of wearing a uniform, the possibility of excitement, family traditions, material considerations, and patriotism. As black police and soldiers were called upon to perform more specialized tasks, they acquired greater education and some - particularly African police - became part of the emerging westernized African middle class. After retirement, career African police and soldiers often continued to work in the security field, some becoming prominent entrepreneurs or commercial farmers, and generally composed a conservative, loyalist element in African society that the government eventually mobilized to counter the growth of African nationalism. Tim Stapleton here mines rich archival sources to clarify the complicated dynamic and legacy of black military personal who served during colonial rule in present-day Zimbabwe. Timothy Stapleton is Professor of history at Trent University in Ontario.

Police, Black --- Soldiers, Black --- Internal security --- Policiers noirs --- Militaires noirs --- Sûreté de l'Etat --- History --- Social conditions --- Histoire --- Conditions sociales --- British South Africa Police --- Zimbabwe --- Great Britain --- Grande-Bretagne --- History, Military --- Colonies --- Administration. --- Histoire militaire --- Administration --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:39A11 --- #SBIB:35H141 --- Security, Internal --- Insurgency --- Subversive activities --- Black soldiers --- Negro soldiers --- Negroes as soldiers --- Blacks --- Black police --- Negro policemen --- Social conditions. --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Antropologie : socio-politieke structuren en relaties --- Bijzondere korpsen: politie en rijkswacht --- BSAP --- Zimbabwe Republic Police --- History. --- Sûreté de l'Etat --- An tSiombáib --- Cimbabue --- Dēmokratia tēs Zimpampoue --- Government of Zimbabwe --- GOZ (Zimbabwe) --- Jinbabue --- Poblachd Shiombabue --- Repubblica dello Zimbabwe --- Republic of Zimbabwe --- República de Zimbabue --- Republika Zimbabve --- Simbabve --- Simbabwe --- Siombabue --- Yn Çhimbabwe --- Zimbabhue --- Zimbabua --- Zimbabue --- Zimbabvah --- Zimbabve --- Zimbabṿeh --- Zimbabves Republika --- Zīmbābvih --- Zimbabvo --- Zimbabweh --- Zimpampoue --- Ζιμπάμπουε --- Δημοκρατία της Ζιμπάμπουε --- Република Зимбабве --- Зимбабуе --- Зимбабве --- Зімбабве --- זימבבואה --- זימבבווה --- زيمبابوه --- ジンバブエ --- Southern Rhodesia --- Black people --- African participation. --- Army. --- Black security force personnel. --- Colonial Southern Rhodesia. --- Independence. --- Industrial disputes. --- Majority rule. --- Police.

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United Nations --- Sanctions --- Netherlands --- Zimbabwe --- Foreign relations --- Politics and government --- Relations extérieures --- 341.65 --- #SBIB:327.6H00 --- #SBIB:327.7H123 --- #SBIB:35H6011 --- Dwangmiddelen. Weerwraak. Represailles. Embargo. Boycot. Intimidatie. Propaganda. Sancties. Retorsie--(internationaal recht) --- Sanctions. --- Internationale en diplomatieke relaties: algemeen --- Verenigde Naties: problematiek Verenigd Naties – niet-leden --- Bestuur en beleid: nationale en regionale studies: Nederland --- -Foreign relations --- -Politics and government --- -341.65 --- 341.65 Dwangmiddelen. Weerwraak. Represailles. Embargo. Boycot. Intimidatie. Propaganda. Sancties. Retorsie--(internationaal recht) --- -United Nations --- Relations extérieures --- The Netherlands --- Pays-Bas --- Países Baixos --- Holland --- Spanish Netherlands --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Austrian Netherlands --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Southern Netherlands --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Niderlandy --- Belanda --- Nederland --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Países Bajos --- Holanda --- Nederlân --- Hulanda --- Beulanda --- Niderland --- Niderlande --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Olanda --- Payis-Bâs --- Países Baxos --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Nirlan --- Niderland Krallığı --- Kē-tē-kok --- Landa --- Kerajaan Landa --- Нидерландтар --- Niderlandtar --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Nederlands --- Niadaland --- Holandija --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Izelvroioù --- Нидерландия --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Països Baixos --- Нидерландсем --- Niderlandsem --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Nizozemsko --- Paesi Bassi --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Iseldiroedd --- Nederlandene --- Niederlande --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Nižozemska --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Madalmaad --- Ολλανδία --- Ollandia --- Hollandia --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Katō Chōres --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Nederlando --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Paisis Bajus --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- هلند --- Huland --- Niðurlond --- Háland --- Paîs Bas --- Neerlande --- Ísiltír --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Hò-làn --- Недерлендин Нутг --- Nederlendin Nutg --- 네덜란드 --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Hōlani --- Nederlandia --- Pais Basse --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Нидерландтæ --- Niderlandtæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Konungsríkið Holland --- הולנד --- Holand --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Walanda --- Hollandi --- Нидерландла --- Niderlandla --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Néderlandzkô --- Нидерланд --- Iseldiryow --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Nederilande --- Нидерланддар --- Niderlanddar --- Uholanzi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Нидерландъяс --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Peyiba --- Holenda --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Payises Bashos --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Nīderlandeja --- Batavia --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Paixi Basci --- Paes Bass --- Ulanda --- Holland Királyság --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Reino di Hulanda --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Hōrana --- Недерлатт --- Nederlatt --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Tlanitlālpan --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Eben Eyong --- Nederlaand --- オランダ --- Oranda --- オランダ王国 --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ulanna --- Nethiland --- Nederlande --- Holandska --- Zimbabve --- Simbabwe --- Republic of Zimbabwe --- GOZ (Zimbabwe) --- Зімбабве --- Republika Zimbabve --- Зимбабве --- Ζιμπάμπουε --- Zimpampoue --- Δημοκρατία της Ζιμπάμπουε --- Dēmokratia tēs Zimpampoue --- Zimbabue --- República de Zimbabue --- Zimbabvo --- An tSiombáib --- Yn Çhimbabwe --- Siombabue --- Poblachd Shiombabue --- Cimbabue --- Simbabve --- Repubblica dello Zimbabwe --- זימבבואה --- Zimbabvah --- זימבבווה --- Zimbabweh --- Zimbabṿeh --- Зимбабуе --- Zimbabua --- Zimbabves Republika --- Република Зимбабве --- Zimbabhue --- ジンバブエ --- Jinbabue --- Zīmbābvih --- زيمبابوه --- Government of Zimbabwe --- -#SBIB:327.6H00 --- UN --- UNO --- Southern Rhodesia --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций --- Netherlands - Foreign relations - Zimbabwe --- Zimbabwe - Foreign relations - Netherlands --- Zimbabwe - Politics and government - 1965-1979 --- Zimbabwe - Foreign relations - 1965-1980