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Painting --- Art. --- Art --- Aix, France.

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Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Provence (France) --- Civilization --- Congresses --- History --- Civilisation --- Congrès --- Histoire --- -Provence (France) --- -Civilization --- -Congresses --- Congrès --- Prouince (France) --- Province (France) --- Provenza (France) --- Provence-Côte d'Azur (France) --- Aix (France) --- Aquae Sextiae (France) --- Colonia Aquensis (France) --- Congresses. --- Ais de Provença (France) --- Ais de Prouvènço (France) --- Aics (France) --- Aix-en-Provence (France) - Civilization - Congresses --- Provence (France) - Civilization - Congresses --- Aix-en-provence (france) --- Provence (france) --- Vie intellectuelle --- 18e siecle

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Upper class --- History --- Provence (France) --- Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Social life and customs --- Histoire --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Upper classes --- -Upper class --- -Fashionable society --- High society --- Society, High --- Social classes --- -History --- -Provence (France) --- -Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Fashionable society --- Aix (France) --- Aquae Sextiae (France) --- Colonia Aquensis (France) --- History. --- Social life and customs. --- Ais de Provença (France) --- Ais de Prouvènço (France) --- Aics (France) --- Upper class - France - Provence - History - 18th century --- Provence (France) - History --- Aix-en-Provence (France) - History --- Provence (France) - Social life and customs

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Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Aix-en-Provence Region (France) --- Aix-en-Provence (France : Région) --- History --- Histoire --- Civilization --- 944.91 AIX EN PROVENCE --- Social history --- -Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- Sociology --- Geschiedenis van Frankrijk: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur: Hautes Alpes; Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; Alpes maritimes; Var; Bouches-du-Rhone; Vaucluse--(reg./lok.)--AIX EN PROVENCE --- -Civilization --- Theses --- -Geschiedenis van Frankrijk: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur: Hautes Alpes; Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; Alpes maritimes; Var; Bouches-du-Rhone; Vaucluse--(reg./lok.)--AIX EN PROVENCE --- 944.91 AIX EN PROVENCE Geschiedenis van Frankrijk: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur: Hautes Alpes; Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; Alpes maritimes; Var; Bouches-du-Rhone; Vaucluse--(reg./lok.)--AIX EN PROVENCE --- Aix-en-Provence (France : Région) --- Aix (France) --- Aquae Sextiae (France) --- Colonia Aquensis (France) --- Civilization. --- History. --- Ais de Provença (France) --- Ais de Prouvènço (France) --- Aics (France) --- Aix-en-Provence (France) - Civilization --- Aix-en-provence (france) --- France --- Conditions economiques --- 14e-15e siecles

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Originally published in 1976. This book is a study of the charitable institutions of one French town, Aix-en-Provence. It begins with their foundation during the Counter-Reformation and ends with their dissolution during the Revolution. It details the impulses behind their foundation and describes how they were financed and administered. It also explores the lives of the people they helped. The study is based primarily on surviving records of the charities. These are the same sort of records that charitable institutions today accumulate: entrance registers, minutes of board meetings, account books, and fund-raising pamphlets. Records of the local and central government and court records were also consulted. One purpose of this study is to bring readers closer to the reality of the problem of poverty in Old Regime France. Another purpose is to historicize contemporary perceptions of poverty in the minds of French historical actors.Chapter 1 outlines the social and economic makeup of Aix-en-Provence. Chapter 2 deals with the attitudes and assumptions behind the foundation of the charities. Chapter 3 describes how the institutions were administered and financed, and the many important roles they played in the community at large. Chapter 4 describes the types of assistance available to the poor and the types of people who received it. Chapter 5 discusses the most important alternatives to charity for the needy—beggary and crime. After 1760, the traditional charities entered a period of decline. Both the economic and social realities of poverty, and popular perceptions of those realities, changed drastically after 1760. Flooded by increasing numbers of the poor, paralyzed financially because of declining donations and general mismanagement, repudiated by public opinion, and subject to increasing control by the state, the charities were ineffective and indeed almost moribund after 1760. Chapters 6 and 7 detail these developments.

Fürsorge --- Armut --- Social conditions --- Poor. --- Charities. --- Oeuvres de bienfaisance --- Poverty --- Charities --- Poor --- history. --- History. --- Geschichte 1640-1789. --- Aix-en-Provence --- France --- Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Pauvres. --- Social conditions. --- History --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Social service --- Endowments --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Descriptive sociology --- Social history --- Sociology --- Societies, etc. --- Services for --- Economic conditions --- Aics (France) --- Ais de Prouvènço (France) --- Ais de Provença (France) --- Aix (France) --- Aquae Sextiae (France) --- Colonia Aquensis (France) --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946)