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The Fund's decisions to lend to member countries in amounts well above the access limits for Mexico (1995), and since then, have raised important questions about the role of the Fund in crisis resolution and the appropriate size of Fund access in capital account crises. This paper reviews past experience in exceptional access cases and considers strengthened conditions, procedures and safeguards for guiding decisions on Fund programs in these exceptional circumstances where Fund financing above normal access limits may be appropriate.
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Cette nouvelle édition entièrement mise à jour décrit tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur l'analyse des risques de crédit dans le contexte du fonctionnement général des banques et des marchés financiers, sur leur évaluation (approche par les notations, les modèles structurels, les spreads, sur les différentes méthodes de gestion microéconomique de ces risques et sur la redéfinition du ratio de solvabilité des banques. Les analyses sont complétées par une expérience effective de gestion des risques dans des banques internationales.
Credit --- Commercial credit. --- Management.
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"The authors propose a more complete conceptual framework for analysis of credit availability for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this framework, lending technologies are the key conduit through which government policies and national financial structures affect credit availability. They emphasize a causal chain from policy to financial structures which affect the feasibility and profitability of different lending technologies. These technologies, in turn, have important effects on SME credit availability. Financial structures include the presence of different financial institution types and the conditions under which they operate. Lending technologies include several transactions technologies, plus relationship lending. The authors argue that the framework implicit in most of the literature is oversimplified, neglects key elements of the chain, and often yields misleading conclusions. A common oversimplification is the treatment of transactions technologies as a homogeneous group, unsuitable for serving informationally opaque SMEs, and a frequent misleading conclusion is that large institutions are disadvantaged in lending to opaque SMEs. "--World Bank web site.
Commercial credit --- Small business --- Government policy. --- Finance.
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Commercial credit. --- Risk assessment --- Mathematical models.
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"The authors employ propensity score matching and a traditional control function approach to examine the impact of participation in various societal institutions on microfirm performance in Mexico. They find that firms that participate in credit markets, receive training, pay taxes, and belong to business associations exhibit significantly higher profits, even after controlling for the various factors that drive participation in those institutions. They also find that firms that borrow from formal or informal sources and those that pay taxes are significantly more likely to stay in business, but firms that received credit exhibit lower rates of income growth. Overall, the results suggest that even if the best performing micro-firms are more likely to be selected into participating in societal institutions, causality also runs in the opposite direction. In particular, increases in strictly or broadly defined formality have the potential for increasing profits and survival rates, and appear to bring micro-firms closer to their optimal sizes. "--World Bank web site.
Commercial credit --- Corporations --- Small business --- Taxation --- Finance.
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"The book is a research monograph addressed to a wide range of academics interested in corporate short-term capital. The study shows the role of trade credit in the functioning of economic entities. It constitutes a comprehensive source of knowledge about the role of trade credit in the development of enterprises, as well as the impact of this form of financing on the development of economies. Apart from an extensive review of the theoretical aspects of the role of trade credit in the economy, the study discusses the importance of factors influencing trade credit behaviour. Trade credit, despite its versatility, has not yet been fully described, particularly with regard to the specificity of domestic markets. This study aggregates and supplements the existing sources. The monograph is of international character, as it covers a substantial group of European countries. Therefore, it is likely to have international appeal. The findings may be of interest to those involved in finance management. Understanding the differences in receivables management resulting from the country specificity can contribute to a better understanding of business financing and its operational functioning. This knowledge may support the effective management of receivables and liabilities, especially in companies operating on the global market"--
Commercial credit --- Short-term business financing --- Corporations --- Business enterprises --- Finance. --- Finance.
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Documentary credit --- Crédit documentaire --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Commercial credit fraud --- Commercial credit fraud. --- Criminal provisions. --- -Documentary credit --- -343.53 --- 347.73 --- fraude --- credits --- banques --- systemes de paiement --- commerce international --- Documentary bills --- Credit --- Negotiable instruments --- Credit fraud, Commercial --- Commercial crimes --- Fraud --- -Criminal provisions --- -kredieten --- banken --- betaalsystemen --- internationale handel --- Crédit documentaire --- 343.53 --- Law and legislation&delete& --- Criminal provisions --- kredieten --- Documentary credit - Law and legislation - Switzerland - Criminal provisions. --- Commercial credit fraud - Switzerland. --- Documentary credit - Law and legislation - Criminal provisions. --- Droit civil --- Droit européen --- Droit des sûretés --- Sûretés personnelles --- Droit bancaire --- Option de crédit
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Une trentaine de spécialistes ont donné le meilleur de leur savoir en Droits des affaires, commercial, bancaire, financier… pour honorer une grande figure du Droit contemporain français et international. Les contributions qui lui sont dédiées sont des témoignages de sympathie, de gratitude et d’estime pour son œuvre scientifique qui a participé au rayonnement de l’Université Paris 13 et de l’Institut de Recherche pour un Droit Attractif (IRDA) en France et à l’étranger.
Law --- Droit --- Sources --- Commercial law --- Banking law --- Commercial credit --- Suretyship and guaranty --- Payment --- Droit commercial --- Banques --- Crédit commercial --- Cautionnement --- Paiement --- Bloch, Pascale --- EPUB-ALPHA-M EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- E-books
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#SBIB:39A4 --- #SBIB:316.346H22 --- #SBIB:327.4H60 --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Positie van de vrouw in de samenleving: arbeid en beroep --- Derde wereld: ontwikkeling, sociale verandering: algemeen --- Rotating credit associations --- Femmes chefs d'entreprise --- Savings --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Developing countries --- Businesswomen --- Commercial credit --- Case studies. --- Case studies --- Cas, Etudes de --- Rotating Savings and Credit Associations for Women --- Africa --- Asia
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