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The paper examines the case for contingent financial instruments for low-income countries (LICs), from both the market and official sector. These include commodity price hedging instruments, contingent debt instruments (commodity-linked bonds, deferred repayment loans), and natural disaster insurance, for example. The paper considers the adequacy of the existing framework of ex post and ex ante support to LICs facing exogenous shocks, and examines the need for and possible constraints to greater availability of contingent instruments. Would there be a role for the international community, particularly the IMF and World Bank, in helping to address the constraints that limit development and use of these instruments?.

Commodity control. --- Commercial products.

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Commodity control --- Commerce --- Produits commerciaux --- Commerce --- Réglementation

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Economic policy and planning (general) --- Commodity control --- International economic relations --- International law --- Diplomacy --- Produits commerciaux --- Relations économiques internationales --- Droit international --- Diplomatie --- Réglementation --- Commodity control. --- Diplomacy. --- International economic relations. --- International law. --- Relations économiques internationales --- Réglementation

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International economic relations --- Commodity control --- Food supply --- Relations économiques internationales --- Produits commerciaux --- Aliments --- Réglementation --- Approvisionnement --- Developing countries --- Pays en développement --- Commerce --- Commerce

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Commodity control --- Raw materials --- Price maintenance --- Produits commerciaux --- Matières premières --- Prix imposés --- Réglementation --- Developing countries --- Pays en développement