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Analysis of covariance. --- Regression analysis. --- Analyse de la covariance --- Analyse de régression

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Neuroimaging post-stroke has the potential to uncover underlying principles of disturbed hand function and recovery characterizing defined patient groups, including their long term course as well as individual variations. The methods comprise functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measuring task related activation as well as resting state. Functional MRI may be complemented by arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI to investigate slowly varying blood flow and associated changes in brain function. For structural MRI robust and accurate computational anatomical methods like voxel-based morphometry and surface based techniques are available. The investigation of the connectivity among brain regions and disruption after stroke is facilitated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Intra- and interhemispheric coherence may be studied by electromagnetic techniques such as electroencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Consecutive phases of stroke recovery (acute, subacute, early chronic and late chronic stages) are each distinguished by intrinsic processes. The site and size of lesions entail partially different functional implications. New strategies to establish functional specificity of a lesion site include calculating contrast images between patients exhibiting a specific disorder and control subjects without the disorder. Large-size lesions often imply poor cerebral blood flow which impedes recovery significantly and possibly interferes with BOLD response of functional MRI. Thus, depending on the site and size of the infarct lesion the patterns of recovery will vary. These include recovery sensu stricto in the perilesional area, intrinsic compensatory mechanisms using alternative cortical and subcortical pathways, or behavioral compensatory strategies e.g. by using the non-affected limb. In this context, behavioral and neuroimaging measures should be developed and employed to delineate aspects of learning during recovery. Of special interest in recovery of hand paresis is the interplay between sensory and motor areas in the posterior parietal cortex involved during reaching and fine motor skills as well as the interaction with the contralesional hemisphere. The dominant disability should be characterized, from the level of elementary to hierarchically higher processes such as neglect, apraxia and motor planning. In summary, this Research Topic covers new trends in state of the art neuroimaging of stroke during recovery from upper limb paresis. Integration of behavioral and neuroimaging findings in probabilistic brain atlases will further advance knowledge about stroke recovery.

stroke recovery --- Motor Imagery --- structural covariance --- Somatosensory Disorders --- perilesional plasticity --- network reorganization --- multimodal neuroimaging --- Neurorehabilitation --- computational biophysical modeling --- motor control

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La statistique - considérée comme l'ensemble des méthodes qui ont pour but de recueillir et d'analyser des données relatives à des groupes d'individus ou d'objets - joue un rôle essentiel dans de très nombreuses disciplines. Tel est le cas, entre autres, pour les sciences du vivant : biologie, agronomie, écologie, etc. Les deux tomes de Statistique théorique et appliquée ont précisément pour objectif de permettre aux scientifiques de disciplines très variées, en particulier les sciences du vivant, d'utiliser au mieux les méthodes statistiques classiques, sans en négliger ni les fondements ni les limites. L'objet du tome 1 est la présentation des notions de base de statistique descriptive (à une et à deux dimensions), de statistique théorique (à une et à deux dimensions également), et d'inférence statistique (distributions d'échantillonnage, problèmes d'estimation et tests d'hypothèses). Cet ouvrage est conçu de manière à être à la fois un manuel et un livre de référence. A cette fin, il comporte une documentation détaillée, dont plus de 350 références bibliographiques, des tables, et divers index (index bibliographique, index des traductions anglaises, index des matières et index des symboles). Son utilisation comme manuel est facilitée par la définition de différents plans de lecture, clairement indiqués tout au long du texte, et par la présence de nombreux exemples et exercices, accompagnés de leurs solutions. Des informations complémentaires sont présentées dans un site web. Quatrième de couverture.

Mathematische statistiek --- Statistique mathématique --- Mathematical statistics --- Méthode statistique --- Statistical methods --- Statistique mathématique --- Statistique mathématique. --- Analyse de variance. --- Analysis of variance --- Analyse de covariance. --- Analysis of covariance --- Statistics as Topic --- Statistics as Topic. --- Probabilités. --- Statistics --- data collection --- Mathematical statistics. --- Statistique --- Distribution (théorie des probabilités) --- Probability --- Probabilities

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This book presents a Lagrangian approach model to formulate various fields of continuum physics, ranging from gradient continuum elasticity to relativistic gravito-electromagnetism. It extends the classical theories based on Riemann geometry to Riemann-Cartan geometry, and then describes non-homogeneous continuum and spacetime with torsion in Einstein-Cartan relativistic gravitation. It investigates two aspects of invariance of the Lagrangian: covariance of formulation following the method of Lovelock and Rund, and gauge invariance where the active diffeomorphism invariance is considered by using local Poincaré gauge theory according to the Utiyama method. Further, it develops various extensions of strain gradient continuum elasticity, relativistic gravitation and electromagnetism when the torsion field of the Riemann-Cartan continuum is not equal to zero. Lastly, it derives heterogeneous wave propagation equations within twisted and curved manifolds and proposes a relation between electromagnetic potential and torsion tensor.

Mathematics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physics. --- Continuum mechanics. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Continuum Mechanics and Mechanics of Materials. --- Mechanics of continua --- Elasticity --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Field theory (Physics) --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Math --- Science --- Mathematics --- Analysis of covariance. --- Covariance analysis --- Regression analysis --- Classical field theory --- Continuum physics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Solid Mechanics. --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Quantum theory

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The central object of the book is a subtle scalar Riemannian curvature quantity in even dimensions which is called Branson’s Q-curvature. It was introduced by Thomas Branson about 15 years ago in connection with an attempt to systematise the structure of conformal anomalies of determinants of conformally covariant differential operators on Riemannian manifolds. Since then, numerous relations of Q-curvature to other subjects have been discovered, and the comprehension of its geometric significance in four dimensions was substantially enhanced through the studies of higher analogues of the Yamabe problem. The book attempts to reveal some of the structural properties of Q-curvature in general dimensions. This is achieved by the development of a new framework for such studies. One of the main properties of Q-curvature is that its transformation law under conformal changes of the metric is governed by a remarkable linear differential operator: a conformally covariant higher order generalization of the conformal Laplacian. In the new approach, these operators and the associated Q-curvatures are regarded as derived quantities of certain conformally covariant families of differential operators which are naturally associated to hypersurfaces in Riemannian manifolds. This method is at the cutting edge of several central developments in conformal differential geometry in the last two decades such as Fefferman-Graham ambient metrics, spectral theory on Poincaré-Einstein spaces, tractor calculus, and Cartan geometry. In addition, the present theory is strongly inspired by the realization of the idea of holography in the AdS/CFT-duality. This motivates the term holographic descriptions of Q-curvature.

Analysis of covariance. --- Curvature. --- Differential operators. --- Geometry, Riemannian. --- Geometry, Riemannian --- Curvature --- Differential operators --- Analysis of covariance --- Mathematics --- Geometry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Riemann geometry --- Riemannian geometry --- Covariance analysis --- Operators, Differential --- Mathematics. --- Topological groups. --- Lie groups. --- Global analysis (Mathematics). --- Manifolds (Mathematics). --- Differential geometry. --- Physics. --- Differential Geometry. --- Topological Groups, Lie Groups. --- Global Analysis and Analysis on Manifolds. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Regression analysis --- Differential equations --- Operator theory --- Calculus --- Curves --- Surfaces --- Generalized spaces --- Geometry, Non-Euclidean --- Semi-Riemannian geometry --- Global differential geometry. --- Topological Groups. --- Global analysis. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Groups, Topological --- Continuous groups --- Geometry, Differential --- Analysis, Global (Mathematics) --- Differential topology --- Functions of complex variables --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Groups, Lie --- Lie algebras --- Symmetric spaces --- Topological groups --- Differential geometry --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Topology