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Survival in groups : the basic of group membership.
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ISBN: 0335194125 0335194133 Year: 1995 Publisher: Buckingham Open university press

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The critical mass in collective action : a micro-social theory
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ISBN: 0521308399 052103955X 0511663765 Year: 1993 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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The problem of collective action is that each member of a group wants other members to make necessary sacrifices while he or she 'free rides', reaping the benefits of collective action without doing the work. Inevitably the end result is that no one does the work and the common interest is not realized. This book analyses the social pressure whereby groups solve the problem of collective action. The authors show that the problem of collective action requires a model of group process and cannot be deduced from simple models of individual behaviour. They employ formal mathematical models to emphasize the role of small subgroups of especially motivated individuals who form the 'critical mass' that sets collective action in motion. The book will be read with special interest by sociologists, social psychologists, economists and political scientists. It will also be of concern to those in industrial relations and communications research working on issues in collective action and rational choice.


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L'âge des foules : un traité historique de psychologie des masses
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ISBN: 2213010374 9782213010373 Year: 1981 Publisher: Paris : Arthème Fayard,

The politics of collective violence
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ISBN: 9780521824286 9780511819131 9780521531450 0521531454 0521824281 1107485975 0511819137 Year: 2003 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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Are there any commonalities between such phenomena as soccer hooliganism, sabotage by peasants of landlords' property, incidents of road rage, and even the events of September 11? With striking historical scope and command of the literature of many disciplines, this book, first published in 2003, seeks the common causes of these events in collective violence. In collective violence, social interaction immediately inflicts physical damage, involves at least two perpetrators of damage, and results in part from coordination among the persons who perform the damaging acts. Professor Tilly argues that collective violence is complicated, changeable, and unpredictable in some regards, yet that it also results from similar causes variously combined in different times and places. Pinpointing the causes, combinations, and settings helps to explain collective violence and its variations, and also helps to identify the best ways to mitigate violence and create democracies with a minimum of damage to persons and property.

Mass panic and social attachment : the dynamics of human behavior
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ISBN: 1351153188 1281099066 9786611099060 075468587X 9780754685876 9780754648802 075464880X 9781351153188 135115320X 9781351153201 Year: 2007 Publisher: Aldershot ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate,

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Anthony Mawson provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of the mass panic and disaster literature and offers a social attachment model that recognizes the gregarious nature of human beings and the primacy of attachments. He argues that the typical response to threat and danger is neither fight nor flight, nor social breakdown, but increased affiliation and camaraderie.


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Crowd-based business models : using collective intelligence for market competitiveness
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ISBN: 3030770834 3030770826 Year: 2021 Publisher: Cham, Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan,


Book
Collective animal behavior
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ISBN: 9780691148434 9780691129631 0691148430 0691129630 1400837103 1282821164 9786612821165 9781400837106 9781282821163 6612821167 Year: 2010 Publisher: Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press,

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Fish travel in schools, birds migrate in flocks, honeybees swarm, and ants build trails. How and why do these collective behaviors occur? Exploring how coordinated group patterns emerge from individual interactions, Collective Animal Behavior reveals why animals produce group behaviors and examines their evolution across a range of species. Providing a synthesis of mathematical modeling, theoretical biology, and experimental work, David Sumpter investigates how animals move and arrive together, how they transfer information, how they make decisions and synchronize their activities, and how they build collective structures. Sumpter constructs a unified appreciation of how different group-living species coordinate their behaviors and why natural selection has produced these groups. For the first time, the book combines traditional approaches to behavioral ecology with ideas about self-organization and complex systems from physics and mathematics. Sumpter offers a guide for working with key models in this area along with case studies of their application, and he shows how ideas about animal behavior can be applied to understanding human social behavior. Containing a wealth of accessible examples as well as qualitative and quantitative features, Collective Animal Behavior will interest behavioral ecologists and all scientists studying complex systems.


Periodical
Social movement studies.
ISSN: 14742837 14742829 Year: 2002 Publisher: [Abingdon, Oxfordshire] : Abingdon, Oxfordshire : Carfax Publishing, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group

Democracy and the public space in Latin America
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ISBN: 0691090874 0691090882 1282935275 9786612935275 9786612087561 1400825016 1282087568 1400814154 9781400814152 9781400825011 9781282087569 9781282935273 9780691090870 9780691090887 Year: 2002 Publisher: Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press

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This is a bold new study of the recent emergence of democracy in Latin America. Leonardo Avritzer shows that traditional theories of democratization fall short in explaining this phenomenon. Scholars have long held that the postwar stability of Western Europe reveals that restricted democracy, or "democratic elitism," is the only realistic way to guard against forces such as the mass mobilizations that toppled European democracies after World War I. Avritzer challenges this view. Drawing on the ideas of Jürgen Habermas, he argues that democracy can be far more inclusive and can rely on a sphere of autonomous association and argument by citizens. He makes this argument by showing that democratic collective action has opened up a new "public space" for popular participation in Latin American politics. Unlike many theorists, Avritzer builds his case empirically. He looks at human rights movements in Argentina and Brazil, neighborhood associations in Brazil and Mexico, and election-monitoring initiatives in Mexico. Contending that such participation has not gone far enough, he proposes a way to involve citizens even more directly in policy decisions. For example, he points to experiments in "participatory budgeting" in two Brazilian cities. Ultimately, the concept of such a space beyond the reach of state administration fosters a broader view of democratic possibility, of the cultural transformation that spurred it, and of the tensions that persist, in a region where democracy is both new and different from the Old World models.

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