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Mathematics. --- Mathematics, general. --- Hindu astronomy --- Math --- Science

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The Jewel of Annual Astrology is an encyclopaedic treatise on Tājika or Sanskritized Perso-Arabic astrology, dealing particularly with the casting and interpretation of anniversary horoscopes. Authored in 1649 CE by Balabhadra Daivajña, court astrologer to Shāh Shujāʿ – governor of Bengal and second son of the Mughal emperor Shāh Jahān – it casts light on the historical development of the Tājika school by extensive quotations from earlier works spanning five centuries. With this first-ever scholarly edition and translation of a Tājika text, Martin Gansten makes a significant contribution not only to the study of an important but little known knowledge tradition, but also to the intellectual historiography of Asia and the transmission of horoscopic astrology in the medieval and early modern periods.

Intellectuals --- Historiography. --- Intelligentsia --- Persons --- Social classes --- Specialists --- Fortune-telling & divination --- Hindu astrology. --- Hindu astronomy.

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Hindu astronomy. --- Hindu astrology --- Hindu mathematics. --- Astronomie hindou --- Mathématiques hindou

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Tantrasaṅgraha, composed by the renowned Kerala astronomer Nīlakaṇtha Somayaji (c. 1444–1545 CE) ranks along with Āryabhatīya of Āryabhata and Siddhāntaśiromani of Bhāskarācārya as one of the major works that significantly influenced further work on astronomy in India. One of the distinguishing features of this text is the introduction of a major revision of the traditional planetary models which includes a unified theory of planetary latitudes and a better formulation of the equation of centre for the interior planets (Mercury and Venus) than was previously available. Several important innovations in mathematical technique are also to be found in Tantrasaṅgraha, especially related to the computation of accurate sine tables, the use of series for evaluating the sine and cosine functions, and a systematic treatment of the problems related to the diurnal motion of the celestial objects. The spherical trigonometry relations presented in the text—applied to a variety of problems such as the computation eclipses, elevation of the moon’s cusps and so forth—are also exact. In preparing the translation and explanatory notes, the authors have used authentic Sanskrit editions of Tantrasaṅgraha by Suranad Kunjan Pillai and K V Sarma. The text consists of eight chapters—mean londitudes, true longitues, gnomonic shadow, lunar eclipse, solar eclipse, vyatīpāta, reduction to observation and elevation of the moon’s cusps—and 432 verses. All the verses have been translated into English and are supplemented with detailed explanations including all mathematical relations, figures and tables using modern mathematical notation. This edition of Tantrasaṅgraha will appeal to historians of astronomy as well as those who are keen to know about the actual computational procedures employed in Indian astronomy. It is a self-contained text with several appendices included, enabling the reader to comprehend the subject matter without the need for further research.

Hindu astronomy -- History. --- Hindu astronomy. --- Hindu astronomy --- Hindu mathematics --- Somayaji, Nilakantha, --- Mathematics, Hindu --- Kelallur Nilakantha Somayaji, --- K.N.S., --- Mathematics. --- History. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Observations. --- Mathematics --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Science

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In the 5th century the Indian mathematician Aryabhata (476-499) wrote a small but famous work on astronomy, the Aryabhatiya. This treatise, written in 118 verses, gives in its second chapter a summary of Hindu mathematics up to that time. Two hundred years later, an Indian astronomer called Bhaskara glossed this mathematial chapter of the Aryabhatiya. An english translation of Bhaskara’s commentary and a mathematical supplement are presented in two volumes. Subjects treated in Bhaskara’s commentary range from computing the volume of an equilateral tetrahedron to the interest on a loaned capital, from computations on series to an elaborate process to solve a Diophantine equation. This volume contains an introduction and the literal translation. The introduction aims at providing a general background for the translation and is divided in three sections: the first locates Bhaskara’s text, the second looks at its mathematical contents and the third section analyzes the relations of the commentary and the treatise.

Hindu mathematics --- Hindu astronomy --- Āryabhaṭa, --- Mathematics, Hindu --- Mathematics --- History. --- Astronomy. --- History of Science. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Mathematics. --- Astrophysics. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Math --- Science