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This book is the first comprehensive overview and evaluation of the origins, history and current size and condition of all of Iceland's major glaciers (including Vatnajökull, the largest in Europe) at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It is not only illustrated with many beautiful photographs and graphs of recent statistics and scientific data, but is also a collection of historical writings and drawings from annals, sagas, folk tales, diaries, reports, stories and poems, as it presents a unique approach to the study of glaciers on an island in the North Atlantic. Balancing and comparing the world of man with the world of nature, the perceptions of art and culture with the systematic and pragmatic analyses of science, The Glaciers of Iceland present a wide spectrum of readers with a new and stimulating view of the origins, development and possible future of these massive natural phenomena, as well as the study and role of glaciology, within specific time lines and geographical locations. Icelandic glaciers the author argues could prove essential for understanding the current unsettling progress of global warming. The glaciers of Iceland, therefore, aims at presenting to a wide readership an original, historical, cultural and scientific overview of these geophysical features in Iceland while also suggesting increasingly important lessons and models for man's future interaction with the world's glaciers as a whole.

Hydrogeology. --- Natural disasters. --- Hydrogeology. --- Natural Hazards.

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geophysics --- geology --- geotechnics --- hydrogeology

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Hydrogeology --- Hydrogéologie

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Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d'exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d'études d'aléa sismique. Aujourd'hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l'art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l'intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d'application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l'étude d'un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l'inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.

SCIENCE / Energy. --- geophysics --- hydrogeology

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Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.

SCIENCE / Energy. --- geophysics --- hydrogeology