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Research on hunting and gathering peoples has given anthropologists a long-standing conceptual framework of sedentism and mobility based on seasonality and ecological constraints. This work challenges that position by arguing that mobility is a socially negotiated activity and that neither mobility nor sedentism can be understood outside of its social context. Drawing on research in the Mesa Verde region that focuses on communities and households, Mark Varien expands the social, spatial, and temporal scales of archaeological analysis to propose a new model for population movement. Rather than viewing sedentism and mobility as opposing concepts, he demonstrates that they were separate strategies that were simultaneously employed. Households moved relatively frequently--every one or two generations--but communities persisted in the same location for much longer. Varien shows that individuals and households negotiated their movements in a social landscape structured by these permanent communities. Varien's research clearly demonstrates the need to view agriculturalists from a perspective that differs from the hunter-gatherer model. This innovative study shows why current explanations for site abandonment cannot by themselves account for residential mobility and offers valuable insights into the archaeology of small-scale agriculture.
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In Ancient Households of the Americas archaeologists investigate the fundamental role of household production in ancient, colonial, and contemporary households. Several different cultures-Iroquois, Coosa, Anasazi, Hohokam, San Agustín, Wankarani, Formative Gulf Coast Mexico, and Formative, Classic, Colonial, and contemporary Maya-are analyzed through the lens of household archaeology in concrete, data-driven case studies. The text is divided into three sections: Section I examines the spatial and social organization and context of household production; Section II looks at the role and results of households as primary producers; and Section III investigates the role of, and interplay among, households in their greater political and socioeconomic communities. In the past few decades, household archaeology has made substantial contributions to our understanding and explanation of the past through the documentation of the household as a social unit-whether small or large, rural or urban, commoner or elite. These case studies from a broad swath of the Americas make Ancient Households of the Americas extremely valuable for continuing the comparative interdisciplinary study of households.
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A afirmação de que Minas Gerais era a capitania mais urbanizada da colônia tornou-se quase um lugar-comum na historiografia brasileira. Poucos pesquisadores, no entanto, colocaram a questão urbana no centro de suas reflexões. Num enfoque interdisciplinar, que associa temas e métodos da história, da geografia e do urbanismo, Cláudia Damasceno Fonseca analisa as relações entre espaço e poder em suas múltiplas escalas e dimensões, revelando novas facetas da história política, socioeconômica e religiosa das Minas setecentistas.
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Casalmoro lies along the Chiese river in the province of Mantua, in the northern Po Plain, and it represents the biggest known settlement area for Final Bronze Age Italy. This was one of the new settlements founded in the twelfth century BC north of the Po, in the region between eastern Lombardy and Veneto, after the crisis of the Terramare culture. This work provides a typological analysis and a chronological definition of the finds, and presents a significant amount of pottery and bronze artefacts for the first time. It then proposes a framing of Casalmoro in its regional context and in relation to other areas of the Italian Peninsula at the beginning of the Final Bronze Age. This settlement area constitutes an important context both for chronological aspects and to understand the processes leading to the birth of the proto-urban centres at the dawn of the Iron Age.
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Prehistoric peoples --- Land settlement patterns, Prehistoric --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Excavations (Archaeology). --- Land settlement patterns, Prehistoric. --- Prehistoric peoples. --- Ethiopia --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Land settlement patterns --- Tigray Region (Ethiopia) --- Antiquities --- Antiquities.
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Central places --- Central places --- Central places --- Land settlement patterns --- Land settlement patterns --- Land settlement patterns --- Palencia (Spain : Province) --- Samora (Province) --- Valladolid (Spain : Province) --- Social conditions. --- Social conditions. --- Social conditions.
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The archaeological excavation of Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj provides the foundation for an unprecedented analysis of agrarian village life during an era of the Levantine Bronze Age characterised previously in terms of urban collapse and a reversion to mobile pastoralism. Interpretation of archaeological and ecological evidence here situates the lifeways of this community amid emerging revised chronologies and reconstructions of village-based society in the third millennium BC. This reconstruction of rural life integrates evidence of regional and local environmental change, agricultural coping strategies, intramural social change, interaction with neighbouring communities and ritual ties with preceding and subsequent periods. This synthesis centred on Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj suggests a strikingly revised portrait of rural society in the course of Near Eastern civilisation.
Bronze age --- Human settlements --- Land settlement patterns, Prehistoric --- Pottery, Prehistoric --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Jordan River Valley --- Abū an Niʻāj, Tall (Jordan) --- Antiquities --- Land settlement patterns --- Pottery --- Antiquities.
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Land settlement patterns --- Villages --- History. --- Great Britain --- Antiquities. --- Colonisation intérieure --- Histoire
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