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Drawing from a decade-long collaboration between Japan and Russia, this important volume presents the first major synthesis of current knowledge on the ecophysiology of the coniferous forests growing on permafrost at high latitudes. It presents ecological data for a region long inaccessible to most scientists, and raises important questions about the global carbon balance as these systems are affected by the changing climate. Making up around 20% of the entire boreal forests of the northern hemisphere, these ‘permafrost forest ecosystems’ are subject to particular constraints in terms of temperature, nutrient availability, and root space, creating exceptional ecosystem characteristics not known elsewhere. This authoritative text explores their diversity, structure, dynamics and physiology. It provides a comparison of these forests in relation to boreal forests elsewhere, and concludes with an assessment of the potential responses of this unique biome to climate change. The book will be invaluable to advanced students and researchers interested in boreal vegetation, forest ecology, silviculture and forest soils, as well as to researchers into climate change and the global carbon balance.

Larches --- Forest ecology --- Biotic communities --- Permafrost --- Forests and forestry --- Larch --- Larix --- Eternally frozen ground --- Ever frozen ground --- Perennially frozen ground --- Pergelisol --- Permanently frozen ground --- Perpetually frozen ground --- Tjale --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Life sciences. --- Ecology. --- Ecosystems. --- Plant ecology. --- Forestry. --- Soil science. --- Soil conservation. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Ecology. --- Terrestial Ecology. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Frozen ground --- Population biology --- Pinaceae --- Forest ecosystems

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Forest ecosystems are often disturbed by agents such as harvesting, fire, wind, insects and diseases, and acid deposition, with differing intensities and frequencies. Such disturbances can markedly affect the amount, form, and stability of soil organic carbon in, and the emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2, CH4, and N2O from, forest ecosystems. It is vitally important that we improve our understanding of the impact of different disturbance regimes on forest soil carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions to guide our future research, forest management practices, and policy development. This Special Issue provides an important update on the disturbance effects on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in forest ecosystems in different climate regions.

greenhouse gas emission --- heterotrophic respiration --- Camellia oleifera --- Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr --- soil microbial residue --- assisted natural regeneration --- soil organic carbon --- soil carbon sequestration --- soil CO2 --- surface soil layer --- landform --- anthropogenic effect --- South Korea --- CO2 effluxes --- storm damage --- microbial properties --- calcareous soil --- land use pattern --- soil total nitrogen --- generation --- tree mortality --- land use types --- forest conversion --- DCD --- carbon source–sink --- stoichiometric ratios --- autotrophic respiration --- N2O --- CO2 emission --- organic carbon mineralization --- CH4 emissions --- clear-cutting --- CO2 production and diffusion --- soil quality --- nitrification inhibitor --- organic carbon accumulation --- climate change mitigation --- global change --- greenhouse gas inventory --- warming --- soil properties --- bacterial community --- sensitivity --- soil characteristics --- forest --- insect outbreak --- biochar --- nitrous oxide --- CO2 --- soil respiration --- land-use change --- decomposition --- soil --- natural forest --- calcareous soils --- greenhouse gas --- forest soils --- karst graben basin --- plantation --- rocky desertification --- fitting parameters --- temperature --- forest disturbance --- microbe --- subtropical forest --- N addition --- carbon stock changes --- IPCC --- next-generation sequencing --- nitrogen --- N2O emissions --- red soils --- CH4 --- coastal wetlands --- CO2 emissions --- stand age --- successive planting --- plum plantation ages

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Ecophysiological mechanisms underlie plant responses to environmental conditions and the influence these responses have on ecological patterns and processes. In this Special Issue, with a particular interest in the interactions between climate change, environmental disturbance, and functional ecology, experimental observations are described at a range of spatial scales. A modeling framework is used in an effort to relate mechanistic responses to ecosystem functions and services, and link forest ecophysiology and environmental indicators. This Special Issue collects important advances in studying and monitoring plant–environment interactions, covering biogeographic gradients from Mediterranean woodlands to boreal forests and from Alpine mountains to tropical environments.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- Leaf δ13C --- Leaf δ15N --- Growth stage --- Environmental factors --- Relative importance --- nitrogen dioxide --- nitrogen metabolism --- photorespiration --- heat dissipation --- excess absorbed light energy --- electron transfer --- photochemical efficiency --- altitude --- non-structural carbohydrates --- nutrients --- ontogeny --- Pinus cembra L. --- Larix decidua Mill --- boreal forest --- leaf temperature --- photosynthesis --- water availability --- leaf thermal damage --- thermoregulation --- endangered --- Sonneratia × hainanensis --- reproductive system --- seed germination --- light --- temperature --- salinity --- Cinnamomum migao --- autotoxicity --- seedling growth --- soil substrate --- soil enzyme --- soil fungi --- TreeSonic --- MOEd --- forest productivity --- dendrochronology --- recruitment period --- Aspromonte National Park --- Sessile oak --- deciduous forest --- carbon sequestration --- wood density --- allometry --- functional traits --- climate niches --- Malus baccata --- MbERF11 --- cold stress --- salt stress --- transgenic plant --- dendrometer --- stem circumference changes --- climate response --- Mediterranean --- Pinus nigra --- Pinus pinaster --- ontogenetic phases --- adaptive strategies --- leaf functional traits --- light environment --- canopy tree species --- carbon isotopes --- climate change --- respiration --- discrimination --- mixed forest --- keeling plot --- branch lifespan --- shoot lifespan --- stem lifespan --- branch shedding --- shoot shedding --- stem shedding --- canopy --- crown development --- tree architecture --- light foraging --- phenotypic plasticity --- shade tolerance --- shade acclimation --- light acclimation --- light regime --- sunfleck --- leaf thickness --- leaf angle --- leaf three-dimensional structure --- n/a