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Press --- Communication --- Information theory --- Presse --- Théorie de l'information --- Moral and ethical aspects --- International cooperation --- 316.77 --- -Communication --- -#GROL:MEDO-179.1 --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- Communicatiesociologie --- 316.77 Communicatiesociologie --- Théorie de l'information --- #GROL:MEDO-179.1 --- Communication, International --- Flow of news, International --- International flow of news --- Mass media --- New international communication order --- New international information order --- New world communication order --- New world information order --- News flow, International --- Communication - Moral and ethical aspects --- Communication - International cooperation

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Processes of global governance are mostly invisible to ordinary citizens, due to an overall lack of accompanying transnational public discourse. However, there are exceptional occasions on which media around the world do pay attention to global governance: high-level summits, such as the UN climate change conferences. Through a detailed case study of UN climate summits, Manuel Adolphsen investigates the transnational communication strategies and behind-the-scenes coordination processes that prominent governments and NGOs carry out on such occasions. His research reveals political actors’ conscious use of summits as public diplomacy resources as well as the prevalence of on-site coproduction routines among journalists and PR professionals. Summits feature complex public diplomacy constellations interweaving transnational, international, and also solely domestic processes.  Contents Summits in an Age of Global Governance Public Discourse beyond National Borders Investigating Strategic Communication at Summits Political Actors’ Communication Structures, Processes, and Preplanned Strategies Short-Term Interactions between Summit PR and Summit Proceedings Target Groups ·         Researchers with a focus on transnational communication, public diplomacy, summits, and students in the fields of communication studies and political science  The Author Manuel Adolphsen completed his PhD as a research associate at the Department of Media and Communication Studies at the University of Mannheim. He is a communications consultant in Berlin.

Communication --- Political aspects. --- International cooperation. --- Communication, International --- Flow of news, International --- International flow of news --- Mass media --- New international communication order --- New international information order --- New world communication order --- New world information order --- News flow, International --- Communication and politics --- Politics and communication --- International cooperation --- Political science. --- Political communication. --- International relations. --- Communication. --- Political Science and International Relations. --- Political Communication. --- International Relations. --- Communication Studies. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Political communication --- Political science --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- Conference of the Parties (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) --- UN Climate Change Conference --- COP-16 (Conference)

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Economic production --- European Union --- Information policy --- Communication --- Information technology --- Information --- Technologie de l'information --- International cooperation. --- Politique gouvernementale --- Coopération internationale --- European Regional Development Fund. --- Coopération internationale --- Information society --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Information science --- Information services and state --- Communication policy --- Communication, International --- Flow of news, International --- International flow of news --- Mass media --- New international communication order --- New international information order --- New world communication order --- New world information order --- News flow, International --- International cooperation --- Government policy --- Europäischer Fonds für Regionale Entwicklung --- EFRE (Foundation) --- E.F.R.E. (Foundation) --- FEDER (Foundation) --- FESR (Foundation) --- F.E.S.R. (Foundation) --- Fondo europeo di sviluppo regionale --- Fonds européen de développement régional --- F.E.D.E.R. (Foundation) --- Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional --- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional --- ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) --- Europejski Fundusz Rozwoju Regionalnego

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There is increasing interaction among communities with multiple languages, thus we need services that can effectively support multilingual communication. The Language Grid is an initiative to build an infrastructure that allows end users to create composite language services for intercultural collaboration. The aim is to support communities to create customized multilingual environments by using language services to overcome local language barriers. The stakeholders of the Language Grid are the language resource providers, the language service users, and the language grid operators who coordinate the former. This book includes 18 chapters in six parts that summarize various research results and associated development activities on the Language Grid. The chapters in Part I describe the framework of the Language Grid, i.e., service-oriented collective intelligence, used to bridge providers, users and operators. Two kinds of software are introduced, the service grid server software and the Language Grid Toolbox, and code for both is available via open source licenses. Part II describes technologies for service workflows that compose atomic language services. Part III reports on research work and activities relating to sharing and using language services. Part IV describes various applications of language services as applicable to intercultural collaboration. Part V contains reports on applying the Language Grid for translation activities, including localization of industrial documents and Wikipedia articles. Finally, Part VI illustrates how the Language Grid can be connected to other service grids, such as DFKI's Heart of Gold and smart classroom services in Tsinghua University in Beijing. The book will be valuable for researchers in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, services computing and human--computer interaction, particularly those who are interested in bridging technologies and user communities.

Computational grids (Computer systems). --- Information retrieval. --- Natural language processing (Computer science). --- Communication --- Translating and interpreting --- Journalism & Communications --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Communication & Mass Media --- International cooperation --- Translating and interpreting. --- International cooperation. --- Interpretation and translation --- Interpreting and translating --- Language and languages --- Literature --- Translation and interpretation --- Communication, International --- Flow of news, International --- International flow of news --- Mass media --- New international communication order --- New international information order --- New world communication order --- New world information order --- News flow, International --- Translating --- Computer science. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational linguistics. --- Computer Science. --- Language Translation and Linguistics. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computational Linguistics. --- Automatic language processing --- Language data processing --- Linguistics --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Mathematical linguistics --- Multilingual computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Data processing --- Translators --- Natural Language Processing (NLP). --- Artificial Intelligence. --- NLP (Computer science) --- Artificial intelligence --- Human-computer interaction --- Semantic computing