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Religious architecture --- Society of Jesus --- anno 1700-1799 --- Baja California --- Spanish mission buildings --- Jesuit architecture --- Missions espagnoles (Edifices) --- Architecture jésuite --- Architecture jésuite

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The author discusses how religious groups, especially Jews, Mormons and Jesuits, were labeled as foreign and constructed as political, moral and national threats in Scandinavia in different periods between c. 1790 and 1960. Key questions are who articulated such opinions, how was the threat depicted, and to what extent did it influence state policies towards these groups. A special focus is given to Norway, because the Constitution of 1814 included a ban against Jews (repelled in 1851) and Jesuits (repelled in 1956), and because Mormons were denied the status of a legal religion until freedom of religion was codified in the Constitution in 1964. The author emphasizes how the construction of religious minorities as perils of society influenced the definition of national identities in all Scandinavia, from the late 18th Century until well after WWII. The argument is that Jews, Mormons and Jesuits all were constructed as "anti-citizens", as opposites of what it meant to be "good" citizens of the nation. The discourse that framed the need for national protection against foreign religious groups was transboundary. Consequently, transnational stereotypes contributed significantly in defining national identities.

HISTORY / Europe / General. --- Anti-Mormonism. --- Anti-catholicism. --- Antisemitism. --- Nationalism. --- Jesuits --- History. --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会

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"Since its founding by Ignatius of Loyola in 1540, the Society of Jesus ("The Jesuits") has been intimately involved in the unfolding of the modern world. The young Jesuit order played a crucial role in the Counter Reformation, especially in Poland, southern Germany, and several other parts of Europe. The Jesuits were also participants in the establishment and spread of European empires, engaging in missionary activity in east and south Asia in the 16th and 17th centuries, and becoming central to the spreading of Christianity in the New World. At the same time, Jesuits often tangled with the Roman curia and the Pope, leading to the suppression of the Jesuits in 1773. After the subsequent restoration of the order in 1814, the Jesuits continued to be leaders in Catholic education and theology. In 2013 Jorge Bergoglio became the first Jesuit Pope, taking the name Pope Francis I. In this book, Markus Friedrich presents the first comprehensive account of the Jesuits from a non-Catholic perspective. Drawing on his expertise as a historian of the early modern world, Friedrich situates the Jesuit order within the wider perspective of European history. In particular, he places the Jesuits in the context of social, cultural, and imperial history, showing that the Jesuits were not monolithic but rather were very sensitive to local context and that the order's core texts, especially Ignatius's Spiritual Exercises, were templates to engage with, rather than instructions manuals to be followed slavishly"--

Jesuits --- History. --- Christian church history --- Society of Jesus --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- 271.5 <09> --- #GBIB: jesuitica --- 271.5 <09> Jezuïeten--Geschiedenis van ... --- Jezuïeten--Geschiedenis van ... --- Jezuïeten--Geschiedenis van

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Book history --- Christian church history --- Society of Jesus --- Christian hagiography. --- Hagiographie chrétienne --- Bollandists --- History. --- Acta sanctorum. --- Christian hagiography --- History --- 235.3*6 --- #GGSB: Heiligen --- Bollandisten --- hagiografie --- iconografie --- #GBIB: jesuitica --- 235.2 --- Religion Saints --- 235.3*6 Bollandisten --- Hagiographie chrétienne --- Bollandists. --- Bollandistes --- Société des bollandistes --- Heiligen --- Christian hagiography - History

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«Notre lieu est le monde » déclarait Jérôme Nadal, l’un des premiers compagnons d’Ignace de Loyola, visiteur des collèges jésuites d’Espagne, pépinières d’évangélisateurs pour les « Indes d’ici » et les « Indes de là-bas ». Il ne réduisait pas le monde à « notre lieu », mais étendait au contraire celui-ci jusqu’aux limites du monde. Le recueil d’études rassemblé ici par le Groupe de recherches sur les missions ibériques modernes (École des hautes études en sciences sociales) s’efforce de prendre la mesure des effets de cette extension sur les institutions religieuses européennes, neuves ou réformées aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles : comment conçoivent-elles la formation de leurs membres, et l’accomplissement de leur vocation, dans ces horizons imprévisibles ? Comment vivent-elles leurs relations, entre elles et avec le pouvoir conquérant des empires en formation ? Comment voient-elles et redécouvrent-elles les anciens mondes, avec un œil dilaté à l’échelle d’une humanité planétaire ? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions auxquelles les nouvelles enquêtes lancées par une histoire sociale, politique et culturelle du christianisme moderne permettent de répondre : ce volume voudrait en témoigner.

Missions --- History. --- Histoire --- Jesuits --- Missions intérieures --- Missionnaires espagnols --- Missionnaires portugais --- Église catholique --- Actes de congrès --- History --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- Society of Jesus --- Societas Jesu --- Actes de congrès. --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会 --- Missions - History.