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In 1994, the Akazu, Rwandan's political elite, planned the genocidal mass slaughter of 500,000 to 1,000,000 Tutsi and Hutu who lived in the country. Given the failure of the international community to acknowledge the genocide, in 1998, ten African authors visited Rwanda in a writing initiative that was an attempt to make partial amends. Abdourahman A. Waberi claims, "Language remains inadequate in accounting for the world and all its turpitudes, words can never be more than unstable crutches, staggering along . . . And yet, if we want to hold on to a glimmer of hope in the world, the only miraculous weapons we have at our disposal are these same clumsy supports." Shaped by the author's own experiences in Rwanda and by the stories shared by survivors, Harvest of Skulls stands twenty years after the genocide as an indisputable resource for discussions on testimony and witnessing, the complex relationship between victims and perpetrators, the power of the moral imagination, and how survivors can rebuild a society haunted by the ghost of its history.--

French literature (outside France) --- National movements --- Sociology of culture --- anno 1990-1999 --- Rwanda --- Genocide --- Tutsi (African people) --- Hutu (African people) --- Crimes against --- Ethnic relations. --- Bahutu --- Banyaruanda (African people) --- Banyarwanda (African people) --- Lera (African people) --- Ndara (African people) --- Ndoga (African people) --- Ndogo (African people) --- Ruanda (African people) --- Rwanda (African people) --- Shobyo (African people) --- Tshogo (African people) --- Ethnology --- Rundi (African people) --- Banyamulenge (African people) --- Batusi (African people) --- Batutsi --- Mulenge (African people) --- Tusi (African people) --- Tussi (African people) --- Tuti (African people) --- Watusi (African people) --- Watutsi (African people)

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Genocide --- Tutsi (African people) --- Resilience (Personality trait) --- Adaptability (Psychology) --- Génocide --- Crimes contre les Tutsi (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Tutsi (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Résilience (Trait de personnalité) --- Adaptation (Psychologie) --- Crimes against --- History --- Social life and customs --- Histoire --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Mujawayo, Esther, --- Rwanda --- Atrocities. --- Personal narratives --- Atrocités --- Récits perosnnels --- Atrocities --- 341.48 <675.98> --- 967.598 --- Misdaden tegen de mensheid. Volkerenmoord--Ruanda. Rwanda --- Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- Récits personnels --- 967.598 Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- 341.48 <675.98> Misdaden tegen de mensheid. Volkerenmoord--Ruanda. Rwanda --- Crimes contre --- Génocide --- Résilience (Trait de personnalité) --- Atrocités --- Récits personnels --- Banyamulenge (African people) --- Banyaruanda (African people) --- Banyarwanda (African people) --- Batusi (African people) --- Batutsi --- Mulenge (African people) --- Ruanda (African people) --- Rwanda (African people) --- Tusi (African people) --- Tussi (African people) --- Tuti (African people) --- Watusi (African people) --- Watutsi (African people) --- Ethnology --- Rundi (African people) --- Social life and customs. --- Personal narratives. --- Genocide - Rwanda --- Mujawayo, Esther, - 1958 --- -Rwanda - History - Civil War, 1994 - Atrocities --- -Rwanda

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"Between 1920 and 1994, the Catholic Church was Rwanda's most dominant social and religious institution. In recent years, the church has been critiqued for its perceived complicity in the ethnic discourse and political corruption that culminated with the 1994 genocide. In analyzing the contested legacy of Catholicism in Rwanda, Rwanda Before the Genocide focuses on a critical decade, from 1952 to 1962, when Hutu and Tutsi identities became politicized, essentialized, and associated with political violence. This study--the first English-language church history on Rwanda in over 30 years--examines the reactions of Catholic leaders such as the Swiss White Father André Perraudin and Aloys Bigirumwami, Rwanda's first indigenous bishop. It evaluates Catholic leaders' controversial responses to ethnic violence during the revolutionary changes of 1959-62 and after Rwanda's ethnic massacres in 1963-64, 1973, and the early 1990s. In seeking to provide deeper insight into the many-threaded roots of the Rwandan genocide, Rwanda Before the Genocide offers constructive lessons for Christian ecclesiology and social ethics in Africa and beyond."--Publisher's description.

Hutu (African people) --- Tutsi (African people) --- Church and state --- Hutu (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Tutsi (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Eglise et Etat --- History --- Histoire --- Catholic Church --- History. --- Rwanda --- Ethnic relations --- Social conditions. --- Church history --- Relations interethniques --- Conditions sociales --- Histoire religieuse --- Christianity and state --- Separation of church and state --- State and church --- State, The --- Banyamulenge (African people) --- Banyaruanda (African people) --- Banyarwanda (African people) --- Batusi (African people) --- Batutsi --- Mulenge (African people) --- Ruanda (African people) --- Rwanda (African people) --- Tusi (African people) --- Tussi (African people) --- Tuti (African people) --- Watusi (African people) --- Watutsi (African people) --- Ethnology --- Rundi (African people) --- Bahutu --- Lera (African people) --- Ndara (African people) --- Ndoga (African people) --- Ndogo (African people) --- Shobyo (African people) --- Tshogo (African people) --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Church history. --- Sociology of minorities --- Christian church history --- anno 1960-1969 --- anno 1950-1959 --- 967.598 --- 967.598 Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- Jamhuri ya Rwanda --- Luwangda --- Republic of Rwanda --- Republika Nyarwanda --- Republika y'u Rwanda --- République du Rwanda --- République rwandaise --- Repubulika y'u Rwanda --- Repubulika y'Urwanda --- Résidence du Ruanda --- Respublika Ruanda --- Ruanda --- Ruʼandah --- Ruwanda --- Rwandese Republic --- Rwandu --- Руанда --- Республика Руанда --- רואנדה --- ルワンダ --- 卢旺达 --- Ruanda-Urundi

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Crimes contre les Tutsi (Peuple d'Afrique) --- -967.598 --- 323.27 <675.98> --- 355.426 <675.98> --- Crimes contre --- 967.598 --- Genocide --- -Tutsi (African people) --- -Hutu (African people) --- Bahutu --- Banyaruanda (African people) --- Banyarwanda (African people) --- Lera (African people) --- Ndara (African people) --- Ndoga (African people) --- Ndogo (African people) --- Ruanda (African people) --- Rwanda (African people) --- Shobyo (African people) --- Tshogo (African people) --- Banyamulenge (African people) --- Batusi (African people) --- Batutsi --- Mulenge (African people) --- Tusi (African people) --- Tussi (African people) --- Tuti (African people) --- Watusi (African people) --- Watutsi (African people) --- Cleansing, Ethnic --- Ethnic cleansing --- Ethnic purification --- Ethnocide --- Purification, Ethnic --- 967.598 Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- Crimes against --- -History --- -Politics and government --- Rwanda --- Republika y'u Rwanda --- Rwandu --- Ruanda --- République rwandaise --- Republic of Rwanda --- Résidence du Ruanda --- Republika Nyarwanda --- Repubulika y'Urwanda --- Rwandese Republic --- République du Rwanda --- Repubulika y'u Rwanda --- ルワンダ --- Ruwanda --- רואנדה --- Ruʼandah --- Jamhuri ya Rwanda --- Руанда --- Республика Руанда --- Respublika Ruanda --- 卢旺达 --- Luwangda --- Ethnic relations. --- History --- -Atrocities. --- Hutu (African people) --- Tutsi (African people) --- Politics and government --- Atrocities. --- International movements --- Law of armed conflicts. Humanitarian law --- National movements --- United Nations --- Génocide --- Tutsi (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Histoire --- Ethnic relations --- Relations interethniques --- Civil war, 1994 --- Atrocities --- Genocide - Rwanda. --- Tutsi (African people) - Crimes against - Rwanda - History - 20th century. --- Hutu (African people) - Rwanda - Politics and government - 20th century. --- Genocide - Rwanda - History - 20th century. --- Hutu (African people) - Rwanda - History - 20th century. --- Génocide des Tutsi (1994) --- Conditions sociales --- Relations extérieures --- Génocide des Tutsi (1994) --- Relations extérieures

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International relations. Foreign policy --- Social stratification --- Sociology of minorities --- National movements --- Great Lakes Region [Africa] --- Afrika --- Afrique --- Anthropologie socio-culturelle --- Guerres --- Oorlogen --- Politiek --- Politique --- Socio-culturele antropologie --- Civil War --- Political persecution --- Guerre civile --- Répression politique --- Africa --- History --- Histoire --- Hutu (African people) --- Tutsi (African people) --- Politics and government --- Burundi --- Rwanda --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Ethnic relations --- Political aspects --- Politics and government. --- 967.5.04 --- 967.598 --- 967.597 --- -Tutsi (African people) --- -#SBIB:328H412 --- #SBIB:328H419 --- 967.5 --- 355.426 --- Banyamulenge (African people) --- Banyaruanda (African people) --- Banyarwanda (African people) --- Batusi (African people) --- Batutsi --- Mulenge (African people) --- Ruanda (African people) --- Rwanda (African people) --- Tusi (African people) --- Tussi (African people) --- Tuti (African people) --- Watusi (African people) --- Watutsi (African people) --- Ethnology --- Rundi (African people) --- Bahutu --- Lera (African people) --- Ndara (African people) --- Ndoga (African people) --- Ndogo (African people) --- Shobyo (African people) --- Tshogo (African people) --- Geschiedenis van Zaïre (Kongo): onafhankelijkheid--(1960) --- Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- Geschiedenis van Boerundi --- Instellingen en beleid: Zaïre / Congo --- Instellingen en beleid: andere Afrikaanse landen --- -Congo (Democratic Republic) --- -Ethnic relations --- -Political aspects. --- -History --- -Politics and government --- 967.597 Geschiedenis van Boerundi --- 967.598 Geschiedenis van Rwanda. Ruanda --- 967.5.04 Geschiedenis van Zaïre (Kongo): onafhankelijkheid--(1960) --- Répression politique --- -Urundi --- Royaume du Burundi --- Résidence de l'Urundi --- Kingdom of Burundi --- Ingoma y'i Burundi --- République du Burundi --- Republika y'Uburundi --- Gouvernement de transition du Burundi --- Republika y'u Rwanda --- Rwandu --- Ruanda --- République rwandaise --- Republic of Rwanda --- Résidence du Ruanda --- Republika Nyarwanda --- Repubulika y'Urwanda --- Rwandese Republic --- République du Rwanda --- Repubulika y'u Rwanda --- ルワンダ --- Ruwanda --- רואנדה --- Ruʼandah --- Jamhuri ya Rwanda --- Руанда --- Республика Руанда --- Respublika Ruanda --- 卢旺达 --- Luwangda --- Congo (Leopoldville) --- République du Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of Congo (Leopoldville) --- République démocratique du Congo --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- Kongo --- Congo (Kinshasa) --- RDC (République démocratique du Congo) --- DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) --- DRK (Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo) --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- DR Congo --- RD Congo --- #SBIB:328H412 --- Ruanda-Urundi --- Belgian Congo --- Zaire --- Urundi --- ブルンジ --- Burunji --- Бурунди --- בורונדי --- Political aspects. --- Huti (African people) --- Ethnicity --- Congo DR --- R.D. Congo --- Bulongdi --- Republic of Burundi --- بوروندي --- 布隆迪 --- Hutu (African people) - Politics and government --- Tutsi (African people) - Politics and government --- Burundi - Ethnic relations - Political aspects --- Rwanda - Ethnic relations - Political aspects --- Congo (Democratic Republic) - Ethnic relations - Political aspects --- Burundi - Politics and government --- Rwanda - Politics and government --- Congo (Democratic Republic) - Politics and government - 1960-1997