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To anyone who is interested in surface chemical analysis of materials on the nanometer scale, this book is prepared to give appropriate information. Based on typical application examples in materials science, a concise approach to all aspects of quantitative analysis of surfaces and thin films with AES and XPS is provided. Starting from basic principles which are step by step developed into practically useful equations, extensive guidance is given to graduate students as well as to experienced researchers. Key chapters are those on quantitative surface analysis and on quantitative depth profiling, including recent developments in topics such as surface excitation parameter and backscattering correction factor. Basic relations are derived for emission and excitation angle dependencies in the analysis of bulk material and of fractional nano-layer structures, and for both smooth and rough surfaces. It is shown how to optimize the analytical strategy, signal-to-noise ratio, certainty and detection limit. Worked examples for quantification of alloys and of layer structures in practical cases (e.g. contamination, evaporation, segregation and oxidation) are used to critically review different approaches to quantification with respect to average matrix correction factors and matrix relative sensitivity factors. State-of-the-art issues in quantitative, destructive and non-destructive depth profiling are discussed with emphasis on sputter depth profiling and on angle resolved XPS and AES. Taking into account preferential sputtering and electron backscattering corrections, an introduction to the mixing-roughness-information depth (MRI) model and its extensions is presented.

Physics --- Optics. Quantum optics --- Solid state physics --- Surface chemistry --- Theoretical spectroscopy. Spectroscopic techniques --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- legeringen --- vaste stof --- materie (fysica) --- oppervlakte-onderzoek --- spectroscopie --- microscopie --- fysica --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- Auger effect. --- Spectroscopie photoélectronique des rayons X --- Effet Auger --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVCHIMI SPRINGER-B

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To anyone who is interested in surface chemical analysis of materials on the nanometer scale, this book is prepared to give appropriate information. Based on typical application examples in materials science, a concise approach to all aspects of quantitative analysis of surfaces and thin films with AES and XPS is provided. Starting from basic principles which are step by step developed into practically useful equations, extensive guidance is given to graduate students as well as to experienced researchers. Key chapters are those on quantitative surface analysis and on quantitative depth profiling, including recent developments in topics such as surface excitation parameter and backscattering correction factor. Basic relations are derived for emission and excitation angle dependencies in the analysis of bulk material and of fractional nano-layer structures, and for both smooth and rough surfaces. It is shown how to optimize the analytical strategy, signal-to-noise ratio, certainty and detection limit. Worked examples for quantification of alloys and of layer structures in practical cases (e.g. contamination, evaporation, segregation and oxidation) are used to critically review different approaches to quantification with respect to average matrix correction factors and matrix relative sensitivity factors. State-of-the-art issues in quantitative, destructive and non-destructive depth profiling are discussed with emphasis on sputter depth profiling and on angle resolved XPS and AES. Taking into account preferential sputtering and electron backscattering corrections, an introduction to the mixing-roughness-information depth (MRI) model and its extensions is presented.  .

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. --- Auger effect. --- Auger spectroscopy --- Auto-ionization --- Autoionization --- ESCA (Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) --- XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) --- Physics. --- Solid state physics. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Materials --- Thin films. --- Solid State Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Surfaces. --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Tribology --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Physics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Surfaces --- Qualitative --- Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis --- Photoelectron spectroscopy --- Electrons --- Internal conversion (Nuclear physics) --- Ionization --- Nuclear physics --- X-rays --- Scanning Auger electron microscopy --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Surface chemistry --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry

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The development of materials from industrial wastes has attracted the attention of the research community for years. A material's physico-chemical characteristics have specific impacts its properties and their application in environmental, energetic, and biomedical areas, such as in pollutant removal; CO2 capture; energy storage; catalytic oxidation and reduction processes; the conversion of biomass to biofuels; and drug delivery. Examples of such materials are activated carbons, clays, and zeolites, among others. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect the recent advances and progresses developed in this field considering valorised materials from industrial wastes and their applications in environmental, energetic, and biomedical areas.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- biomass gasification --- agricultural residues --- cogeneration plant --- life cycle assessment --- environmental impact --- greenhouse gas --- kinetics --- polyolefins --- aerobic biodegradation --- waste plastic materials --- biodegradation of plastic --- standard plastic testing --- gas explosion --- equivalent stoichiometric cloud --- Q9 --- explosion risk assessment --- model evaluation --- precoat layer --- precoat filtration --- cellulose fibres --- filter aids --- backwash filtration --- filter regeneration --- filter media resistance --- filter cake resistance --- turbidity --- particle layer --- LNG vapour --- dispersion --- hazard distances --- CFD --- topography --- phase change --- cold venting --- municipal solid waste --- SWDS --- composting process --- DOC --- IPCC guidelines --- GHG emissions --- wastewater treatment --- natural clays --- emerging contaminants --- zeolite --- bentonite --- Daphnia magna --- adsorption --- copper --- ion exchange --- thiourea --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- reductive extraction --- resource recovery --- n/a

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ResearchGate academic profile and social networking site for researchers: "Graphene, one of the most interesting and versatile materials of modern times, is recognized for its unique properties, which are strongly different from its bulk counterpart. This discovery has recently stimulated research on other two-dimensional (2D) systems, all consisting of a single layer of atoms. Two-dimensional materials have also emerged as major candidates for use in next-generation applications as a result of the rapid discovery of their any properties. In this Special Issue, we have collected a few recent studies that examine some of these new areas of work in the field of 2D materials."

Technology: general issues --- monolayer WS2 --- ZnO --- CVD --- controlled growth --- multilayer graphene --- synthetic strategies --- arc-discharge plasma --- semi-opened environment --- nanoporous carbon surface --- electronic structure --- emission properties --- work function --- potassium atoms --- charge transfer --- electro-Fenton --- graphene --- oxygen reduction reaction --- advanced oxidation --- hydrogen peroxide --- electrochemical exfoliation method --- 3YTZP --- ceramic nanocomposites --- planetary ball milling --- SPS --- Raman spectroscopy --- electron microscopy --- Vickers indentations --- layered double hydroxide --- nanomaterials --- forced hydrolysis --- polyol --- dye removal --- adsorption --- anionic exchange --- intercalation --- direct plasma synthesis --- microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition --- functionalized graphene --- thiol-ene click reaction --- dispersible graphene --- graphene oxide --- chitosan --- adsorbent --- environmental contaminants --- magnetic adsorbents --- 3D graphene --- cyclodextrins --- heavy metal ions --- dyes --- borocarbonitride --- TiO2-BCN heterostructures --- water splitting --- photoelectrocatalysis --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- graphene analogues --- hybrid structures --- n/a

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Natural polymers are already used for a variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, biosensors, etc. However, they have also found other applications, for example, in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, as firefighting materials, water purification, etc. Different polysaccharide and protein-based systems have been developed. They each have their properties that render them useful for certain applications such as the water solubility of alginate, the thermo-sensitivity of chitosan, the abundance of cellulose and starch, or the cell adhesion and proliferation of gelatin and collagen. This Special Issue will explore the design, synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications of new functional natural-based polymers.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- light conversion film --- cellulose acetate --- europium --- sensitization --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- surface plasmon resonance --- thin film --- quantum dot --- 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol --- chitosan --- graphene oxide --- 3D printing --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- hydrogel --- lyophilization --- dissolution --- release model --- customization --- NO-donor --- topical release --- polymeric matrices --- microbial infections --- wound healing --- blood circulation --- semisynthetic polymers --- natural rubber --- rice husk ash --- alginate --- mechanical properties --- dielectric properties --- nanohydrogel --- food applications --- biopolymers --- polysaccharide --- neural network --- chicken feet --- sensorial quality --- food quality --- gelatine --- hyaluronic acid --- polyethylene oxide --- electrospinning --- nanofibers --- wound dressings --- pectin --- pectinase --- wheat bran --- banana peel --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens --- prebiotics --- mucilage --- pectin polysaccharide --- Opuntia ficus-indica --- aloe vera --- acemannan --- Cactaceae --- Asphodelaceae --- porcine gastric mucin --- methacryloyl mucin --- double-cross-linked networks --- circular dichroism --- mechanical characterization --- date palm trunk mesh --- cellulose --- lignocellulosic waste --- alpha cellulose --- nanocellulose --- agro-byproduct --- Bacillus licheniformis --- bioconversion --- pomelo albedo --- sucrolytic --- lubricant --- tribology --- albumin deposition --- contact lens --- surface roughness --- bio-based polyurethanes --- prepolymers --- cellulose-derived polyol --- cellulose-citrate --- polyurethane composites --- poly(lactic acid) --- nanocomposites --- tannin --- lignin --- thermal degradation kinetics --- decomposition mechanism --- pyrolysis --- nanocomposite --- nanofertilizer --- slow release --- ammonia oxidase gene --- quantitative polymerase chain reaction --- microflora N cycle --- nutrient use efficiency --- soil N content --- aerogels --- cold plasma coating --- hydrophobization --- pore structure --- chitinous fishery wastes --- chitinase --- crab shells --- Paenibacillus --- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine --- phenol --- adhesive hydrogels --- nanomaterials --- surface modification --- latex --- lignocellulosic fibers --- conventional fillers --- CNC --- esterification reaction --- graft copolymerization --- hydrophobic modification --- flocculant --- crosslinking --- peptides --- glutaraldehyde --- specified risk materials --- laccase --- melanin --- decolorization --- natural mediators --- glycerol --- polymer electrolyte --- ionic conductivity --- biochemistry --- pH and rumen temperature --- protozoa --- zero valent iron --- nanoparticles --- ethylene glycol --- methylene blue --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate --- melt processing --- extrusion --- injection molding --- elongation at break --- crystallization --- DoE --- oil palm biomass waste --- anionic hydrogel --- swelling --- salt crosslinking agent --- CoNi nanocomposite --- cellulose paper --- antibacterial potential --- degradation --- annealing --- acetylation --- potato starch --- emulsion capacity --- FTIR --- Malva parviflora --- natural polymers --- physicochemical properties --- rheology --- birch wood --- pre-treatment --- process parameter --- lignocellulose --- 2-furaldehyde --- Komagataeibacter --- stretchable bacterial cellulose --- enhanced strain --- vitamin C --- collagen --- anisotropy --- electron irradiation --- tensile test --- activated carbon --- MnO2 --- Co NPs --- antibacterial activity --- hydrogels --- antimicrobial activities --- functionalized materials --- cellulose derivatives --- flexor tendon repair --- anti-inflammatory --- anti-adhesion --- antimicrobial --- polymer-based constructs --- biosorbent --- copper --- adsorption --- model studies --- aqueous medium --- biodegradable polymers --- chemical modification --- food packaging --- free radical polymerization --- superabsorbent --- water-retaining agent --- thermal properties --- Mimosa pudica mucilage --- extraction optimization --- Box-Behnken design --- response surface methodology --- pH-responsive on–off switching --- zero-order release --- antimicrobial activity --- bacterial cellulose --- cytotoxicity --- nisin --- stability