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La production de biométhane par digestion anaérobie de matières organiques est, aussi bien chez les écologistes que chez les pouvoirs publics, la mal aimée des "techniques douces". C'est fort dommage, car à l'exposé des différents aspects de cette technique les réserves paraissent, pour la plupart, peu fondées. Ce qui ne veut pas dire que les possibilités ou applications sont illimitées. L'auteur - militant du réseau NRJ - a toutefois, par une description détaillée des différents aspects de la production de biométhane, prouvé qu'elle n'est pas très difficile à maîtriser, et qu'elle est parfaitement compatible avec une agriculture écologique : c'est d'ailleurs la plus grande qualité de cette technique que de pouvoir offrir un carburant aux outils qui travailleront la terre, elle-même nourrie par les sous-produits de la digestion. Produire un combustible inépuisable tout en maintenant la qualité de l'environnement est le fait de cette technologie appropriée à l'instauration d'une société basée sur le recyclage et non plus sur le gaspillage.

Biogas. --- Biogaz --- Energie verte --- Biogas --- Méthane --- Methane --- Matière organique --- organic matter --- Source d'énergie --- energy sources --- Agriculture --- agriculture --- Géographie économique --- Economic geography --- Technologie appropriée --- Appropriate technology --- Bioconversion --- bioconversion --- 662 --- 620.9 --- 620.91 --- Alternatieve energie (Hernieuwbare energie) --- Bio-energie --- GG Geochemistry --- Gobar gas --- Biomass chemicals --- Explosives. Fuels --- Agrotechnology and Food Sciences. Engineering --- Energy --- Bioenergy --- CON Bioconservation --- bioconservation --- biogas --- biomethane --- energy --- industrial cultures --- Bioenergy. --- 662 Explosives. Fuels --- Digestion --- Anaerobiosis --- Fermentation --- fuels --- fertilizers --- Compost --- Composts --- Animal feeding --- Wastewater --- Methane. --- Composts. --- agriculture. --- bioconversion. --- Manure gases --- Gaz de fumier

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- anaerobic digestion --- solid digestate --- milling process --- sugars recovery --- energy balances --- bioethanol production --- biogas upgrading --- biomethane --- bio-succinic acid --- CO2 utilization --- feasibility assessment --- acetate --- lactate --- inoculum --- food waste --- sewage sludge --- lactic acid bacteria --- cattle manure --- steam explosion --- pre-treatment --- UASB --- co-digestion --- biogas --- high-rate anaerobic digestion --- energy recovery --- granular sludge --- renewable energy --- decentralized wastewater treatment --- two-stage anaerobic digestion --- Anammox --- enzyme application --- rheology of digestate --- methane --- aquaculture --- trout --- sludge --- wastewater --- drum sieve --- microfiltration --- settling --- waste-to-energy --- wet waste --- bioenergy --- techno-economic analysis --- ammonia inhibition --- chicken manure --- dairy cow manure --- high-solids anaerobic digestion --- inoculum adaptation --- volatile fatty acids --- dry batch anaerobic digestion --- percolation --- permeability --- Salmonella spp. --- Escherichia coli O157 --- Listeria monocytogenes --- Enterococcus faecalis --- Clostridium spp. --- digestate --- pathogens --- sustainable farming --- anaerobic digester --- antibiotics removal --- antimicrobial --- chlortetracycline --- Tylosin --- n/a

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Climate change mitigation and adaptation are key challenges of the 21st century. These challenges include global energy consumption and dependence on fossil fuels, which are addressed in global energy policies. About two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions are linked to the burning of fossil fuels used for heating, electricity, transport, and industry. Therefore, the world is looking for the most reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy sources coupled with energy saving, which is a clean and low-cost solution to the growing demand for energy. As a clear example of this, cities are integrating renewable energies into their smart city plans. This book aims to advance the contribution of the use of renewable energies and energy saving in order to achieve a more sustainable world.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- BIPV window --- WWR --- overall energy --- tilt angle --- visual comfort --- energy saving --- semi-arid --- wind power generation --- artificial neural networks --- chargeability factor --- reactive power capacity --- wind speed and demand curves --- energy management systems --- multi-objective function --- optimal set-points --- stochastic optimization --- wind farm operation --- expert survey --- renewable energy --- biogas --- biomethane --- biogas plant --- business model --- political support system --- building performance --- value co-creation --- value add --- maintenance management --- hospital buildings --- optimal power flow --- power flow --- optimization algorithms --- DC networks --- electrical energy --- optimization --- willingness to pay --- minigrids --- rural electrification --- Ghana --- hospital building maintenance --- critical success factor --- value-based practices --- importance-performance matrix analysis --- renewable energy sources --- non-conventional renewable energy sources --- RES --- NCRES --- electric power system --- information environment --- n/a

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Biomass can be used as feedstock for the production of biomaterials, chemicals, platform molecules and biofuels. It is the most reliable alternative to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Within the framework of the circular economy, resource recovery from organic waste, including sewage sludge, biowaste, manure and slaughterhouse waste, is particularly useful, as it helps saving resources while reducing environmental pollution. In contrast to energy crops, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for food production; therefore, they represent an important source of biomass for bioenergy and bioproducts. However, biomass may require a pretreatment step in order to enhance its conversion into valuable products in terms of process yield and/or productivity. Furthermore, a pretreatment step may be mandatory for waste management (i.e., animal by-products).Pretreatment technologies are applied upstream of various conversion processes of biomass into biofuels or biomaterials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biomethane, biomolecules or bioproducts. Pretreatments may include mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological techniques, which represent a crucial, cost-intensive step for the development of biorefineries. Thus, research is needed to help identify the most effective, economic, and environmentally friendly pretreatment options for each feedstock. This Special Issue aims to gather recent developments of biomass pretreatments for bioproduct and biofuel production.

Technology: general issues --- biomass --- valorisation --- ionic liquid --- crystallinity --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- pre-treatment --- acidogenic fermentation --- hydrothermal treatment --- source separated organics --- volatile fatty acids --- particulate organics solubilization --- microbial community analysis --- Pennisetum alopecuroides --- dilute alkaline pretreatment --- ferric chloride pretreatment --- bioethanol --- biomethane --- citrus peel waste --- biorefinery --- biorefinery residues --- ADM1 --- anaerobic digestion --- aqueous ammonia soaking pre-treatment --- continuous --- digested manure fibers --- modelling --- acetic acid --- butyric acid --- HRT --- pH --- propionic acid --- steam treatment --- pretreatment --- lignocellulose --- biochemical methane potential --- lithium --- sugarcane bagasse --- saccharification --- glycosyl-hydrolase --- ToF-SIMS --- surface ion distribution --- second-generation ethanol --- microwave pretreatment --- grass biomass --- p-hydroxycinnamic acids extraction --- lignocellulosic biomass --- NaOH pretreatment --- bioreactor experiments --- inhibition --- grass lawn waste --- whole slurry --- separated fractions --- alkali --- acid --- energy balance --- economical assessment --- municipal sludge --- thermal pretreatment --- microwave --- contaminants of emerging concern --- personal care products --- antimicrobial disinfectants --- triclosan --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- tandem mass spectrometry --- biogas production --- fruit and vegetable harvesting wastes --- process optimization --- thermo chemical pretreatment --- biogas yield --- waste activated sludge --- electro-Fenton --- disintegration --- dewaterability --- mechanical pretreatments --- agricultural wastes --- rheology --- physical properties

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Sustainability, defined as ‘meeting current needs without compromising the future’, is a widely accepted goal across many sectors of society. Sustainability’s criteria and indicators often only regard sustaining present conditions through increased resilience, intended as a system’s capacity to experience shocks while retaining essentially the same functions and structures. However, new sustainability concepts, sometimes referred to as “sustainagility”, also consider the properties and assets of a system that sustains the ability (agility) of agents to adapt and meet their needs in new ways, preparing for future unpredictability and unforeseen changes. Therefore, resilience must coexist with adaptive capacity for real, long-term sustainability. Consumers are paying increasing attention to the sustainability of the food supply chain; thus, sustainable development is necessary for all food processes. Since the olive oil sector has a well-established historical tradition, any change and innovation that aims to obtain a sustainable development not only needs to be analyzed in terms of environmental, economic, and social aspects, it should also be significantly improved and closely monitored. Thus, this Special Issue is a collection of papers that can increase sustainability knowledge in the olive-oil-processing chain, to take a significant step forward in future developments.

Research & information: general --- extra virgin olive oil --- authentication --- chemometrics --- proton NMR --- carbon NMR --- machine learning --- artificial neural networks --- PLS-DA --- olive leaf polyphenols --- encapsulation --- functional food --- mayonnaise --- alginate/pectin beads --- phenolic extract --- food enrichment --- olive leaves --- organic --- local --- consumer attitude --- up-cycled ingredients --- by-products --- generational differences --- virgin olive oil --- organic production --- harvesting method --- harvesting time --- volatile compounds --- olive by-product --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- olive leaf --- pomace --- olive wastewater --- clones --- minor accessions --- olive oil --- quality --- olive landrace --- ripening --- harvest season --- antioxidants --- minor compounds --- oil quality --- circular economy --- environmental impact --- global warming --- valorization of waste --- phenolic compounds --- acidic hydrolysis --- derivative UV spectroscopy --- green chemistry --- screening methods --- health claim --- antioxidant activity --- olive mill wastewaters --- reactive oxygen species --- vascular cells --- breadsticks --- gluten-free --- olive oil by-products --- oxidation stability --- electronic nose --- accelerated shelf-life tests --- transparent plastic material --- metallized material --- brown-amber glass --- oxidation --- stability --- packaging --- olive oil quality --- life cycle assessment --- biocompounds --- shelf life --- environmental sustainability --- biscuits --- gluten-free breadsticks --- salad dressing --- vegan mayonnaise --- waste recovery --- choice experiment (CE) --- extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) --- willingness to pay (WTP) --- country of origin --- organic food --- consumer preferences --- sustainable food system --- authenticity --- biodiversity --- differential scanning calorimetry --- color --- chlorophyll --- geographical origin --- botanical origin --- principal component analysis --- anaerobic codigestion --- biomethane --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- life cycle costing (LCC) --- olive mill by-products --- olive composition --- olive cultivars --- olive ripening --- PLS regression model --- portable device --- quality parameters --- sustainability --- Olea europaea --- kaolin --- zeolitite --- foliar treatments --- sustainable agriculture --- crop defense --- autochthonous cultivars --- molecular fingerprinting --- polyphenol content --- gene expression --- fruit developmental stages --- n/a --- olive storage duration --- oil chemical composition --- sensory properties