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PRION DISEASES --- IMMUNOLOGY --- PRION DISEASES --- IMMUNOLOGY

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This thesis presents the development and evaluation of a 3D human body visualization tool utilizing HoloLens 2 technology for medical education at the University of Liège. The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of this mixed reality (MR) technology in enhancing the visualization, comprehension, and manipulation of anatomical structures, specifically in the context of medical education.

The research began with the adaptation of a pre-existing augmented reality (AR) application, originally designed for smartphones, which allowed users to explore a 3D model of the human body. The application was modified to function on the HoloLens 2 platform, emphasizing interactive and immersive learning experiences 

A qualitative research methodology was employed to gather insights from medical students at various stages of their education. The study was divided into two phases: the first phase focused on evaluating the general experience with the HoloLens 2 application, and the second phase involved a comparison with the existing mobile AR anatomy application. Students provided feedback on usability, engagement, and the educational value of the tool. 

The findings showed that HoloLens 2 greatly improved students' ability to visualize and understand spatial relationships in anatomy, especially in complex areas like vascularization and innervation. The intuitive interface enabled quick adaptation, despite initial calibration and gesture challenges. While the immersive experience boosted engagement, there was some concern that the technology might be seen more as a novelty than a serious educational tool. 

The feasibility of implementing the HoloLens 2 as a regular tool in medical education was also analyzed through a SWOT analysis. The strengths of the technology include its intuitive user interface, the ability to visualize complex anatomical relationships in 3D, and the enhanced engagement it provides to students. The weaknesses identified include limitations in user experience, hardware, resources, and environment, and the financial cost associated with the technology. Opportunities for the HoloLens 2 include its potential to revolutionize medical education by providing a more interactive and immersive learning environment, and the possibility of its use in remote learning scenarios. However, there are also threats, such as direct and indirect competitors and the uncertain future of the HoloLens technology itself. 

In conclusion, the HoloLens 2 shows great promise as a transformative tool for medical education, offering enhanced visualization and engagement through its advanced MR capabilities. However, to fully realize its potential, further refinement of the technology and careful consideration of its integration into existing curricula are necessary. The SWOT analysis suggests that while there are challenges to adoption, the opportunities for improving medical education are significant.

Mixed reality --- Hololens 2 --- Anatomy --- Medical education --- Digital business --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres

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Cette recherche s’intéresse à la manière avec laquelle se déroulent des séances d'enseignement assurées par des étudiants moniteurs, en lien avec le mouvement pédagogique « student as partner ». L’analyse est basée sur douze séances de cours assurées par des étudiants moniteurs dans la Faculté de Médecine de l’ULiège durant l’année académique 2020-2021.Cette étude est outillée du programme Noldus « The Observer XT » qui permet de dénombrer très précisément le nombre et la durée des différentes interventions de chaque individu participant à la séance de cours. Outre cet aspect quantitatif, le chercheur analyse également la qualité de l’enseignement donné par l’étudiant moniteur à l’aide d’une grille d’observation. L’objectif est de voir si des prises de liberté et variations sont observées selon la marge de manœuvre qui est laissée à l’étudiant-moniteur, permettant ainsi de constater à quel point la scénarisation de la séance impacte son déroulement.

étudiant moniteur --- enseignement supérieur --- liberté pédagogique --- grille d'observation --- student as partner --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Education & enseignement

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La 4e de couverture indique : "Cet ouvrage propose aux étudiants des premières années d'études supérieures une méthode efficace et progressive pour comprendre et appliquer les concepts fondamentaux de l'histologie. Il traite de l'histologie des tissus sains et adultes chez les mammifères, homme inclus. À la suite des rappels de cours, sous forme de fiches, chaque chapitre propose des exercices de difficulté croissante pour s'évaluer : QCM, questions vrai/faux et exercices d'entraînement. Les corrigés détaillés mettent en évidence la méthodologie."

Histology --- Histologie --- Histologie. --- Manuels d'enseignement supérieur. --- Questions à choix multiple. --- Problèmes et exercices. --- Examinations, questions, etc. --- Problems, exercises, etc. --- Histology.

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In the medical field, doctors and researchers should be able to observe and interpret cell
samples. The most widely spread method is to observe samples with a microscope. New
methods allow for scanning samples into very large and detailed images. These images
can be uploaded to the Cytomine web application and doctors can go through the images
at ease. The application includes many functionalities, namely the ability to annotate regions
of interest. Currently the ULiege MOOC server is open to the general public (see
https//www.fun-mooc.fr). Anyone can take part in the MOOC, but it's mostly used for the
bene t of the students studying the medical field at the University of Liege. The students
study particular images and are then evaluated at the end of the year. Meanwhile, the Cytomine
app has been collecting data on the students' time spent on the website. The main
objective is to develop IT tools to analyze data collected. The bulk of the data collected
consists of where the students decided to look in the images (Gaze data). Consequently, a
tool was implemented to find correlations between students' behavior and the results they
obtain during exams. Using Machine Learning techniques, the goal is to predict a student's
grade based on how they used the application. This allows for the analysis of specific viewing
patterns that can give more insight on how the student used Cytomine. Currently, the
model contains 395 students' data with over 2000 features. Extra Trees and Random Forest
learning techniques have been applied to attempt to predict grades. Otherwise, other
tools were implemented to better visualize these patterns. The idea would be to generate
Heatmaps of the students' gaze data (Gazemap). These Gazemaps would be included in the
application and users can be given access to this information. This could give teachers the
ability to keep track of the students' work.

Cytomine --- machine learning --- pathology --- data analysis --- gaze data --- whole slide images --- behavioral analytics --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Sciences informatiques