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As a reason of information explosion, electronic communication networks are not sufficient for high bit rate data transmission. This problem has been solved by optical networks which caused the birth of a new area of technology, photonics. In photonic circuits photons play the dominant role and they transfer the optical data. With the growth of the photonics technology, a new area started to grow as photonic crystals which now play an important role in designing and manufacturing compact photonic devices. Photonic crystals are structures with alternative dielectric constant in one, two or three dimensions which are called one, two or three dimensional photonic crystals. By using the properties of photonic band gap, many interesting phenomena such as slow light generation, dispersion engineering in a compact and low size device can be achieved.

Photonic crystals. --- Bandgap structures, Photonic --- Photonic bandgap structures --- Crystal lattices --- Laser physics

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The second volume of the book concerns the characterization approach of photonic crystals, photonic crystal lasers, photonic crystal waveguides and plasmonics including the introduction of innovative systems and materials. Photonic crystal materials promises to enable all-optical computer circuits and could also be used to make ultra low-power light sources. Researchers have studied lasers from microscopic cavities in photonic crystals that act as reflectors to intensify the collisions between photons and atoms that lead to lazing, but these lasers have been optically-pumped, meaning they are driven by other lasers. Moreover, the physical principles behind the phenomenon of slow light in photonic crystal waveguides, as well as their practical limitations, are discussed. This includes the nature of slow light propagation, its bandwidth limitation, coupling of modes and particular kind terminating photonic crystals with metal surfaces allowing to propagate in surface plasmon-polariton waves. The goal of the second volume is to provide an overview about the listed issues.

Photonic crystals. --- Bandgap structures, Photonic --- Photonic bandgap structures --- Crystal lattices --- Laser physics

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Research and development in modern optical and photonic technologies have witnessed quite fast growing advancements in various fundamental and application areas due to availability of novel fabrication and measurement techniques, advanced numerical simulation tools and methods, as well as due to the increasing practical demands. The recent advancements have also been accompanied by the appearance of various interdisciplinary topics. The book attempts to put together state-of-the-art research and development in optical and photonic technologies. It consists of 21 chapters that focus on interesting four topics of photonic crystals (first 5 chapters), THz techniques and applications (next 7 chapters), nanoscale optical techniques and applications (next 5 chapters), and optical trapping and manipulation (last 4 chapters), in which a fundamental theory, numerical simulation techniques, measurement techniques and methods, and various application examples are considered. This book deals with recent and advanced research results and comprehensive reviews on optical and photonic technologies covering the aforementioned topics. I believe that the advanced techniques and research described here may also be applicable to other contemporary research areas in optical and photonic technologies. Thus, I hope the readers will be inspired to start or to improve further their own research and technologies and to expand potential applications. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the authors for their outstanding contributions to this book.

Optics. --- Photonic crystals. --- Bandgap structures, Photonic --- Photonic bandgap structures --- Crystal lattices --- Physics --- Light --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Optoelectronics --- Optics and Lasers

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Optical biomimetics, the study of natural systems to inspire novel solutions to problems in optical technologies, has attracted growing interest. Optical biomimetics reviews key research in this area, focusing on the techniques and approaches used to characterise and mimic naturally occurring optical effects.Beginning with an overview of natural photonic structures, Optical biomimetics goes on to discuss optical applications of biomolecules, such as retinylidene and bacteriorhodopsin, polarisation effects in natural photonic structures and their applications, and biomimetic nanostructu

Crystal optics. --- Nonlinear optics. --- Optical fibers -- Microstructure. --- Photonic crystals. --- Photonic crystals --- Crystal optics --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical fibers --- Biomimetics --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Microstructure --- Biotechnology --- Biomimetics. --- Microstructure. --- Biomimicry --- Chemicals --- Light guides (Optical fibers) --- Fiber optics --- Fibers --- Optical materials --- Optical wave guides --- Optics, Nonlinear --- Optics --- Lasers --- Crystals --- Optical crystallography --- Crystallography --- Physical optics --- Bandgap structures, Photonic --- Photonic bandgap structures --- Crystal lattices --- Optical properties

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This book covers the advanced fabrication techniques, challenges, and applications of photonic crystals for next-generation systems in various applications such as high-speed networks, photonic integrated circuits, health care, sensors, energy, and environmental. This book highlights the literature and works put forward by various scientists, researchers, and academicians in photonic crystals and their real-time applications. The content of the book appeals to readers such as students, researchers, and industrial engineers who are working in the design and development of photonics-based concepts, components, and devices for various applications.

Electronic circuits. --- Photonic crystals. --- Telecommunication. --- Electronic Circuits and Systems. --- Photonic Crystals. --- Microwaves, RF Engineering and Optical Communications. --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Communication --- Information theory --- Telecommuting --- Bandgap structures, Photonic --- Photonic bandgap structures --- Crystal lattices --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics