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L''emprise des milieux d''affaires sur le cours de la construction europeenne est un fait tellement bien admis qu''il a conduit les observateurs a ne voir dans les organisations patronales que des groupes de pression et a delaisser l''histoire et la sociologie du syndicalisme patronal europeen. Or ce syndicalisme patronal, qui plus est europeen, ne va pas de soi. Comment les interets patronaux peuvent-ils etre representes et defendus comme europeens alors qu''ils sont tres heterogenes et qu''ils ne sont pas egalement affectes par la construction europeenne ? Comment des organisations parvien

Employers' associations --- Industrial sociology --- History.

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Employers' associations --- Industrial relations --- Political activity --- Suede --- Politique de l'emploi

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Employers' associations --- History --- -Associations, Employers' --- Trade associations --- Guilds --- History. --- -History --- Associations, Employers' --- Employers' associations - France - History --- Conseil national du patronat français --- Employeurs --- France --- Patronat --- Associations --- 19e siècle --- 20e siècle --- Histoire sociale moderne --- 20e siecle --- Conditions sociales --- 19e siecle

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The Croix de Feu and its successor the Parti Social Français stood at the centre of political conflict in the turbulent final years of the French Third Republic. Membership peaked at 750,000 in 1937, and at the time the movement was widely regarded as the counterpart of fascism in Germany and Italy. However, only recently has the view that fascism also has roots in France become a serious topic for debate. From Liberalism to Fascism is based largely on archival research, and shows that contemporary perceptions of the Croix de Feu and the PSF as fascist were in fact correct. Dr Passmore places French fascism in the wider context of the history of French conservatism through a micro-study of a crisis of the liberal-conservative tradition in Lyon. This book is the first to place the emergence of French fascism in the wider political and social context. In the process, received views of the nature of French society and politics are contested.

Employers' associations --- Fascism --- Industrialists --- Liberalism --- Employeurs --- Fascisme --- Industriels --- Libéralisme --- Political activity --- History --- Associations --- Activité politique --- Histoire --- Italy --- Italie --- -Industrialists --- -Liberalism --- -Fascism --- -Neo-fascism --- Authoritarianism --- Collectivism --- Corporate state --- National socialism --- Synarchism --- Totalitarianism --- Liberal egalitarianism --- Liberty --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Manufacturers --- Businesspeople --- Associations, Employers' --- Trade associations --- Guilds --- -History --- -Employers' associations --- History. --- -Political activity --- Libéralisme --- Activité politique --- Political activity. --- Arts and Humanities

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It has long been assumed that large-scale industry was one of the pillars of support for the Vichy regime which ruled France - under the German aegis - from 1940 to 1944. In particular it has been assumed that business used Vichy to reverse the advantages that labour had secured after the election of the Popular Front government in 1936. Richard Vinen argues that this assumption is false. He suggests that large-scale industry, mostly based in northern France, was geographically and psychologically isolated from the preoccupations of a government which was based in the south. Furthermore, business soon became aware of the probability of an allied victory and was consequently eager to distance itself from a government that it saw as doomed. Most important of all, the Popular Front legislation of 1936 had already been undermined by the rearmament programme that preceded the fall of France in 1940.

Business and politics --- Employers' associations --- Industrial relations --- Industrial policy --- Affaires et politique --- Employeurs --- Relations industrielles --- Politique industrielle --- History --- Political activity --- Histoire --- Associations --- Activité politique --- -Employers' associations --- -Industrial policy --- -Industrial relations --- -Capital and labor --- Employee-employer relations --- Employer-employee relations --- Labor and capital --- Labor-management relations --- Labor relations --- Employees --- Management --- Business --- Industries --- Industry and state --- Economic policy --- Associations, Employers' --- Trade associations --- Guilds --- Politics and business --- Politics, Practical --- Political business cycles --- -History --- Government policy --- Political aspects --- Activité politique --- Capital and labor --- Political activity&delete& --- France --- Business and politics - France - History. --- Industry and state - France - History. --- Industrial relations - France - History. --- Employers' associations - France - Political activity - History. --- Arts and Humanities --- History.