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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Neurosciences --- brain --- complexity --- EEG --- fMRI — functional magnetic resonance imaging --- multiscale (MS) modeling --- brain --- complexity --- EEG --- fMRI — functional magnetic resonance imaging --- multiscale (MS) modeling

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Ces dernières années, les techniques d’exploration par imagerie sont devenues incontournables dans le domaine de la recherche en neurosciences. Cette technique a l’avantage d’être non-invasive et de permettre l’identification de zones cérébrales en fonctionnement. L’identification des modifications cérébrales liées aux effets d’une thérapie pourrait être utile pour comprendre quels mécanismes cognitifs sont à l’œuvre et quelles thérapies sont les plus pertinentes pour un profil donné. En ce qui concerne l’aphasie, celle-ci est caractérisée par des problèmes d’accès aux représentations langagières, mais également par des problèmes de manipulation de ces représentations maintenues en mémoire (Hamilton & R.C. Martin, 2007). Il semblerait que ces déficits en mémoire à court terme soient dus à un déficit d’inhibition au niveau sémantique (Hamilton & R. C. Martin, 2005 ; Jefferies, Hoffman, Jones & Ralph, 2007). En suivant la trajectoire de Carnol (2010), Wannenmacher (2013) et Burgholzer (2017), nous avons donc évalué l’efficacité d’une technique de rééducation ciblée sur le contrôle sémantique (Van der Kaa et al., en préparation) développée au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège. L’objectif était d’améliorer les performances en mémoire à court terme verbale d’un patient aphasique. Nous résultats aux épreuves cliniques ne démontrent pas d’amélioration nette en ce qui concerne les performances en mémoire à court terme verbale mais des améliorations sont observées grâce aux tâches IRMf pour le contrôle sémantique. En parallèle d’une amélioration des performances du patient, nous observons une normalisation des activations cérébrales par rapport à celles de sujets normaux également recrutés dans l’étude. Cependant, il reste difficile de conclure quant à la spécificité du mécanisme de contrôle. Au vu des résultats obtenus par Burgholzer (2017) et ceux obtenus ici, il semble pertinent de continuer la recherche pour obtenir plus d’informations concernant l’effet de l’entrainement du contrôle langagier sur les performances des patients et les activations cérébrales liées aux changements comportementaux observés.

speech therapy --- intervention --- fMRI --- functional magnetic resonance imaging --- cerebral imaging --- aphasia --- semantic control --- inhibition --- logopédie --- orthophonie --- aphasie --- rééducation --- imagerie cérébrale --- IRM --- IRMf --- imagerie par résonance magnétique --- contrôle langagier --- contrôle sémantique --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Neurosciences & comportement

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Anorexia nervosa is a common eating disorder affecting several functions of the body. Although our knowledge of the underlying mechanism has increased, therapeutic options are still limited. This Special Issue discusses several aspects of anorexia nervosa and covers a broad range of topics from the bench to the bedside.

Medicine --- Anorexia nervosa --- treatment contracts --- weight gain --- inpatient treatment --- survey --- accelerometry --- eating disorders --- motor restlessness --- physical inactivity --- anorexia nervosa --- cognitive behaviour therapy --- manualised treatment --- modules --- worksheets --- guidelines --- evidenced-based --- treatment --- emotion regulation --- males --- drug-treatment --- pharmacotherapy --- medication --- nutrition --- comorbidity --- complication --- functional magnetic resonance imaging --- disorder-specific stimuli --- narrative review --- immune system --- inflammation --- cytokines --- Anorexia nervosa --- treatment contracts --- weight gain --- inpatient treatment --- survey --- accelerometry --- eating disorders --- motor restlessness --- physical inactivity --- anorexia nervosa --- cognitive behaviour therapy --- manualised treatment --- modules --- worksheets --- guidelines --- evidenced-based --- treatment --- emotion regulation --- males --- drug-treatment --- pharmacotherapy --- medication --- nutrition --- comorbidity --- complication --- functional magnetic resonance imaging --- disorder-specific stimuli --- narrative review --- immune system --- inflammation --- cytokines

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MRI in Clinical Practice provides an easily accessible source of reference material to supplement existing texts, distilling a wide breadth of theoretical and practical information into a pocket-sized manual. The book covers the basic Physics behind MRI, quality assurance, up-to-date safety guidelines and a useful gallery of image artefacts. Part of the book focuses on the specific areas of the body in which MRI is currently exploited, describing how MRI is performed in practice. In each of these sections, a common theme is followed with illustrations of MR images acquired with clinically relevant settings and typical imaging protocols are also explicitly stated. Additional information is provided which includes a subjective view of the strengths and weaknesses of MRI in comparison to other imaging modalities. As well as covering routine clinical techniques, the latest advanced methods (e.g. spectroscopy, fMRI, diffusion, high field MRI) are discussed and placed into the context of clinical application. While primarily useful to the MRI practitioner or trainee, MRI in Clinical Practice will be useful for a larger audience including post-graduate students, physicists, radiologists and technologists.

Magnetic resonance imaging. --- Radiology, Medical. --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Clinical magnetic resonance imaging --- Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging --- Functional magnetic resonance imaging --- Imaging, Magnetic resonance --- Medical magnetic resonance imaging --- MR imaging --- MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) --- NMR imaging --- Nuclear magnetic resonance --- Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging --- Cross-sectional imaging --- Diagnostic imaging --- Diagnostic use --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Diagnostic Radiology. --- Radiology. --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation

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Emerging imaging modalities continuously increase the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of neuroimaging, and have transformed diagnostic radiology into a powerful research and clinical tool. Various novel neuroimaging modalities have become of paramount importance, not only in establishing diagnosis but also in guiding surgical intervention, and in evaluating the treatment effect. Advanced MR based techniques such as Fractional Anisotropy, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Proton Spectroscopy, and task-generated as well as resting-state functional MRI have tremendously increased the power of the modern neuroscientist’s armamentarium. The employment of advanced neuroimaging techniques have been expanded in the scientific fields of neuropsychology, consumer’s psychology, and forensic medicine. Our current textbook presents exactly a collection of such innovative work, and explores new frontiers, and future applications of neuroimaging

Imaging systems. --- Magnetic resonance imaging. --- Clinical magnetic resonance imaging --- Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging --- Functional magnetic resonance imaging --- Imaging, Magnetic resonance --- Medical magnetic resonance imaging --- MR imaging --- MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) --- NMR imaging --- Nuclear magnetic resonance --- Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging --- Cross-sectional imaging --- Diagnostic imaging --- Radar --- Remote sensing --- Television --- Scanning systems --- Diagnostic use --- Equipment and supplies --- Radiology