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The notion of social cohesion implies the definition of a modem society as inclusive and founded upon a sense of communality and responsibility of its members towards each other. It therefore insists on a necessary participation to public affairs, to the labor force, to communities of life, and on a sense of societal belonging to enhance the solidarity and trust between members of a society. We discuss these ideas as well as their implications for the ethnic minorities in Canada. We try to show how the notion of social cohesion rests upon a deficient definition of the concepts of democratization, social capital, and membership to a society. We point its omission of the structural reproduction and production of inequalities, its deny of legitimacy to protests aiming at a change of power relations, its misinterpretation of the concept of social capital, and its injunction to develop a sense of societal belonging. La notion de cohésion sociale renvoie à une définition de la société moderne comme intégrée and basée sur une communalité entre ses membres et sur leur responsabilité sociale. Elle insiste sur la nécessaire participation des individus aux affaires publiques, au marché du travail, à une communauté de vie, et sur leur développement d'un sens d'appartenance sociétale, autant de conditions pour accroître confiance et solidarité entre eux. Cet article discute ces différentes idées et leurs implications pour les minorités ethniques et nationales, notamment dans le cas canadien. Il montre comment la notion de cohésion sociale repose sur une conception déficiente de la démocratie, du capital social et du sens d'appartenance à une société en omettant les fondements structurels de la production et de la reproduction des inégalités et le rôle des contestations des relations de pouvoir, en limitant le sens du concept de capital social et en exigeant une allégeance à l'État et le partage de valeurs culturelles.
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Há uma lacuna nos estudos antropológicos sobre o sistema de castas na Índia. São raros os trabalhos sobre Intocáveis, castas consideradas "impuras" e, como tal, socialmente depreciadas. Decidiu por isso a autora realizar um trabalho de campo sobre os Vankar, casta Intocável de tecelões do Estado do Gujarat. Ao leitor é proporcionada uma apresentação fascinante do universo Vankar, através das suas práticas e rituais, dos seus deuses e demónios, dos seus mitos. Arigidez atribuída à hierarquia do sistema social indiano é relativizada. Defende a autora que existem inúmeras passagens, contactos e contaminações entre castas - em teoria rigorosamente separadas umas das outras. Em particular, é sugerido que, quando a ordem social e cósmica está ameaçada de ruptura, os últimos passam, num certo sentido, a ser os primeiros. Cabe então à casta mais desvalorizada (Intocável) assumir o poder de sustentar ou restabelecer a ordem vacilante. Em Reis e Intocáveis, Rosa Maria Perez confronta-nos com um caso exemplar. Na aldeia de Valthera, atingida pela grande seca de 1985-1988, os Vankar são solicitados por toda a população, e em primeiro lugar pelos Rajput (a casta dominante), a exercer o poder de trazer a chuva, atributo partilhado com o soberano hindu. Este é um dos primeiros estudos antropológicos realizado numa universidade portuguesa que incide sobre um espaço exterior ao do antigo império colonial.
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Als weltweit größte regionale Abmachung nach Kapitel VIII der UN-Charta trägt die OSZE durch regionale Konfliktverhütung und Krisenbewältigung auch zur globalen Sicherheit bei. In seinem Eröffnungsbeitrag setzt sich OSZE-Generalsekretär Thomas Greminger mit der Frage auseinander, wie die OSZE auch einen Beitrag zur Erreichung der 17 Ziele der Vereinten Nationen für nachhaltige Entwicklung insgesamt leisten kann. Das OSZE-Jahrbuch 2019 enthält außerdem Beiträge über die innenpolitischen Entwicklungen u.a. in Armenien und Kasachstan, das Konfliktmanagement der OSZE im Südkaukasus sowie die Arbeit der OSZE-Sonderbeobachtermission in der Ukraine. Die Überwachung der Versammlungsfreiheit durch das OSZE-Büro für demokratische Institutionen und Menschenrechte und der Zusammenhang zwischen Klimawandel und Sicherheit sind ebenso Thema wie die Integration heterogener Gesellschaften als Mittel der Konfliktprävention. Daten und Fakten zu den 57 Teilnehmerstaaten sowie eine aktuelle Literaturauswahl runden den Band ab.
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What is left of socialism ? This question, too, must be answered in a "project left." Certainly, socialism is no longer an accomplished or well-known model of society to tend tothrough daily political action. It can only be conceived as an uninterrupted search for the liberation of the person and his capacity for self-realization. It should be possible introducing elements of socialism into concrete society such as: equal opportunities, community welfare, control over the organization of work, the diffusion of knowledge as an instrument of freedom. This would overcome, from time to time, the contradictions and failures of capitalism and the market economy, making the person, and not only the classes, the keystone of civil coexistence.
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