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L’écart continue de se creuser entre riches et pauvres. Au cours des décennies ayant précédé la Grande récession, la croissance économique bénéficiait déjà de manière disproportionnée aux catégories à haut revenu, tandis que les ménages à bas revenu étaient laissés pour compte. Depuis la crise, les disparités se sont aggravées, et dans de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, les inégalités atteignent désormais leur plus haut niveau depuis que des données sont recueillies. Ce creusement de long terme des inégalités de revenu suscite non seulement des inquiétudes de nature sociale et politique, mais il engendre également des préoccupations d’ordre économique : les inégalités de revenu ont tendance à peser sur la croissance du PIB, sous l’effet de la distance toujours plus grande entre les 40 % les moins riches et le reste de la société. La question de savoir comment inverser cette tendance et promouvoir des opportunités pour tous figure désormais au premier rang des priorités des gouvernements dans de nombreux pays.

Employment --- Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Income distribution. --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income

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This work provides a comparative analysis of public beliefs about social justice. What can explain the cross-national variations, and if opinions do change over time, why is this so? This text should be of interest to those interested in the relationship between public opinion and political elite.

Income distribution - Research. --- Income distribution --- Household surveys. --- Research. --- Public opinion. --- Surveys, Household --- Surveys --- Census --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income

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Income distribution --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe, Central --- Economic conditions --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe

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The recent interest in the development processes of BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) has been triggered by their high growth performance, but their political and social backgrounds are entirely different. This book traces the economic history of BRIC countries to understand their economic and social institutions. The only common theme in this growth story is the high levels of income disparities and poverty that are observed even during the high growth decades. In order to understand the interaction between economic growth, income inequality and poverty, the book develops a the

Income distribution --- Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- E-books

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Este livro trata de assunto tão importante quanto controverso: os efeitos de sistemas políticos democráticos sobre a distribuição mais equânime da renda nas sociedades contemporâneas. Há muito essa discussão vem preocupando pensadores e analistas. O livro dialoga com a rica literatura produzida pelos economistas sobre o tema desigualdade e busca fazê-la conversar com o que cientistas políticos andam dizendo sobre o assunto. Submetendo, com competência, grande massa de informação à sofisticada análise estatística, Ivan Fernandes nos apresenta conclusões interessantes e originais. Segundo ele, os efeitos da democracia sobre a situação de desigualdade não são os mesmos em toda parte, mas dependem do contexto socioeconômico no qual a desigualdade de renda é produzida. A heterogeneidade dos efeitos dos sistemas democráticos sobre a distribuição de renda é a principal conclusão empírica do estudo. Mas, ele vai mais adiante sugerindo uma explicação de corte político. É preciso que existam partidos que tenham interesse em brandir a bandeira eleitoral de mais igualdade e um grande número de eleitores, cuja situação objetiva, os faça demandar políticas redistributivas. “Somente nas sociedades mais desiguais”, argumenta o autor, “tanto os partidos políticos têm interesse em ofertar políticas redistributivas, quanto tende a surgir demanda por redistribuição por parte de uma maioria de eleitores.” Aquela conclusão, engenhosa, ainda demanda outros estudos, mas os resultados apresentados são promissores e garantem ao autor um lugar na mesa de discussão sobre o assunto, que se arrasta há mais de um século, acompanhando a trajetória do capitalismo e dos sistemas políticos democráticos. E que, sem dúvida, perdurará enquanto os dois existirem em tensa relação.

Democracy. --- Democracy --- Income distribution. --- Economic aspects. --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics