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During the twentieth century, foreign-exchange intervention was sometimes used in an attempt to solve the fundamental trilemma of international finance, which holds that countries cannot simultaneously pursue independent monetary policies, stabilize their exchange rates, and benefit from free cross-border financial flows. Drawing on a trove of previously confidential data, Strained Relations reveals the evolution of US policy regarding currency market intervention, and its interaction with monetary policy. The authors consider how foreign-exchange intervention was affected by changing economic and institutional circumstances-most notably the abandonment of the international gold standard-and how political and bureaucratic factors affected this aspect of public policy.
Foreign exchange --- Foreign exchange market --- Law and legislation --- History --- United States --- Economic policy --- international finance, economics, currency, monetary policy, gold standard, law, legislation, history, nonfiction, stabilization fund, foreign exchange, intervention, bretton woods era, early dollar float, volcker greenspan, bank of england, financial flows, macroeconomics, business, trade, markets, inflation, growth, price stability.
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The shift to inflation targeting has contributed to the relatively low inflation observed in some emerging market economies although, as noted by many economists, the preconditions required for a successful implementation were not in place. The existence of managed exchange rate regimes, a narrow base of domestic nominal financial assets, the lack of market instruments to hedge exchange rate risks, together with fear of floating and dollarization, have been stressed as factors that might weaken the efficacy of monetary policy. By examining various aspects of monetary transmission and policy formulation in two highly dollarized economies (Peru and Bolivia) vis-à-vis two economies with low levels of dollarization (Chile and Colombia), we found that, while dollarization imposes differences in both the transmission capacity of monetary policy and its impact on real and financial sectors, it does not preclude the use of inflation targeting as a policy regime.
Anti-inflationary policies -- Developing countries. --- Currency substitution -- Developing countries. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Monetary policy -- Developing countries. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Money --- Anti-inflationary policies --- Currency substitution --- Monetary policy --- Antiinflationary policies --- Inflation (Finance) --- Government policy --- Foreign exchange --- Economic policy --- Price regulation --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Monetary Policy --- Currency --- Macroeconomics --- Banking --- Exchange rates --- Real exchange rates --- International reserves --- Foreign exchange intervention --- Prices --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Peru
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Official accumulation of foreign reserves may be perceived as interventions to influence the exchange rate, undermining the credibility of floating exchange rates and inflation targets. This paper develops a theoretical framework to study the interaction between reserve accumulation and monetary policy. The model uncovers a trade-off between the speed of reserve accumulation and anti-inflationary credibility. Under reasonable assumptions, delegation of intervention and monetary policy decisions to separate government agencies allows faster reserve accumulation, while centralization of these decisions results in a more stable economy. The analysis underscores the importance of rather overlooked institutional features of policymaking in open economies.
Foreign exchange rates --- Bank reserves --- Monetary policy --- Econometric models. --- Reserves, Bank --- Security reserve requirements --- Reserves (Accounting) --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Monetary Policy --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Monetary economics --- Macroeconomics --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public finance & taxation --- Inflation targeting --- Reserves accumulation --- Foreign exchange intervention --- Institutional arrangements for revenue administration --- Prices --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Revenue
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Latin America’s central banks have made substantial progress towards delivering an environment of price stability that is supportive of sustainable economic growth. We review these achievements, and discuss remaining challenges facing central banking in the region. Where inflation remains high and volatile, achieving durable price stability will require making central banks more independent. Where inflation targeting regimes are well-established, remaining challenges surround assessments of economic slack, the communication of monetary policy, and clarifying the role of the exchange rate. Finally, macroprudential policies must be coordinated with existing objectives, and care taken to preserve the primacy of price stability.
Banks and banking, Central --- Chile --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Banking --- Finance --- Foreign exchange intervention --- Exchange rates --- Financial sector stability --- Prices --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Central bank autonomy --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry
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The first part of the book examines the evolution of monetary policy and prudential frameworks of the ASEAN5, with particular focus on changes since the Asian financial crisis and the more recent period of unconventional monetary policy in advanced economies. The second part of the book looks at policy responses to global financial spillovers. The third and last part of the book elaborates on the challenges ahead for monetary policy, financial stability frameworks, and the deepening of financial markets.
Monetary policy --- Thailand --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Financial Crises --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Monetary Policy --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Finance --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- Financial crises --- Macroprudential policy --- Inflation --- Foreign exchange intervention --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Financial sector stability --- Prices --- Global financial crisis of 2008-2009 --- Economic policy --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry
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